An Oceanographer is a scientist who studies the ocean. The subject that an oceanographer primarily focuses on in his research is called Oceanography. Oceanography science is the research of different aspects of ocean to better understand how it works and how it affects other parts of life, such as the weather or erosion along the shoreline.

Since oceans cover almost two thirds of our planet, the study of oceanography assumes importance. Healthy oceans are of ultimate importance to life in this planet as a whole so the work of oceanographers impacts all of us.Also oceans are the source of food,natural resources and other elements that people use everyday.Most of the research in oceanography focuses on human impact on oceans and how to minimize the impact to keep the ocean system healthy.

An Introduction to Oceanography?

Oceanography is the branch of earth science that studies the physical and biological properties of the ocean and discovers the various phenomenon of seawater.It deals with the study of oceans and seas with specific importance to coastline,estuaries,coastal waters,shelves and the ocean bed.Oceanography covers wide range of topics that includes marine organisms and ecosystem dynamics, ocean current , waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics. It includes plate tectonics and geology of the sea floor and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries.

Four Types of  Oceanography

Traditionally oceanography is divided into four disciplines that are related to each other.These are

• Physical Oceanography
• Chemical Oceanography

• Biological Oceanography
• Geological Oceanography

• Physical Oceanography

Physical Oceanography is the  study of the physical processes and conditions within the ocean such as waves,currents, eddies, gyres, and tides.It  studies the interaction of atmosphere with the ocean, the transmission of light and sound through ocean, coastal erosion and the ocean’s interaction with its boundaries at the sea floor and the coast.

• Biological Oceanography

Biological oceanography is the study of plants and animals in the marine environment.It deals with the study of numbers of marine organisms and how these organisms develop,relate to one another, adapt to their environment and interact with it.

• Chemical Oceanography

Chemical oceanography is the study of the composition of seawater, its biochemical cycles and processes, and the chemical interaction of seawater with seafloor and atmosphere.The study includes analysis of seawater components,the effect of pollutants and the impact of chemical processes on marine organisms.

• Geological Oceanography

Geological oceanography is the study of the structure, feature and evolution of seafloor. It is the study of the changes in the physical structure resulted in canyons, mountains and valleys.The subject also examines the volcanic processes,mantle circulation,hydrothermal circulation,magma genes and crustal formation

All oceanographers must have a deep understanding of biology,chemistry,geology, and physics to unravel the mysteries of the world and to understand the processes within it.

 

What is an Oceanographer?

An oceanographer studies the ocean. He is a type of Geo-scientist who studies the physical and chemical properties and movement patterns of the oceans. He uses mathematics and science to explain the interaction between atmosphere,seawater,freshwater and biosphere.

Oceanographers come from different academic backgrounds including disciplines as diverse as zoology, physics and meteorology.

 

What are the Roles and Responsibilities of an Oceanographer?

Here are some of the duties of an oceanographer.

•  An oceanographer studies the marine ecosystem and their inhabitants.
• He researches marine animals and conducts experiments in the ocean to make discoveries.
• He collects sample data from the ocean using specialized techniques and equipment.
• He studies the movement of oceans and understands the nature of waves, currents, and tides.
• An oceanographer predicts changes in weather and climate to improve the forecast of both natural and human-made hazards.

• Assess the impact of pollutants on water quality in the ocean.
• He monitors the effect of chemicals on marine food chain.
• He builds hypothesis and makes accurate predictions using statistical methods and field data.
• He submits relevant proposals to get research funding.
• He submits reports on the research findings and activities.

 

How can you become an Oceanographer?

Oceanographers are of many types and they work in different environments on a variety of ocean-related subjects. Most of them are inspired by the works off famous oceanographers. Some teach or write oceanography books. But all of them have an intense desire to uncover the mysteries of the oceans.

An oceanographer requires various skills to excel in their workforce. Some off these are:

• Communication skills

Oceanographers require excellent communication skills to create research papers and document their reports, and this requires excellent written communication skills.They must have excellent presentation skills.

• Critical thinking

Oceanographers require excellent critical thinking skills.They require it analyze their research data to develop findings that can make crucial decisions.

• Physical Stamina

As oceanographers have to work underwater in remote locations to collect samples for research and conduct tests, they require a great of physical stamina and conduct tests.

• Outdoor Skills

Oceanographers must work a great deal outdoors to conduct research and study the ocean.They are required to camp at remote locations and stay outdoors that require excellent outdoor skills.

• Problem-solving skills

Oceanographers must work on complex projects and analyze statistical data to make informed judgements on issues related to oceans. They require excellent problem-solving skills to perceive and address a problem.

• Technical Knowledge

Oceanographers with good technical knowledge in marine and ocean environments are usually preferred by employers.

• Research and Lab skills

Since oceanographers conduct their analyses in laboratory settings to develop hypothesis, conducting experiments and drawing meaningful conclusions require excellent research and lab skills.

• Computer Skills

Oceanographers require strong computer skills to create digital maps and run statistical models.

 

Formal Education for Oceanographer

If you have an interest in exploring oceans and marine life, then oceanographer is a perfect career choice for you. Here is a step by step guide for you to become an oceanographer.

Step 1

To pursue a career in oceanography you must be good in your studies, especially in high school where maths and science will provide you adequate preparation after graduation.

Step 2

You must have a bachelor’s degree to get an entry level position within oceanography. To become an oceanographer, you must pursue a B.Sc. degree in botany,zoology,chemistry,fishery,earth science, agriculture, microbiology, applied sciences and related areas. Most bachelor’s degrees require you to attend practical laboratory classes.

Step 3

You must complete a two year’s master’s degree program in oceanography. You must enrol in a Master of Science (M.Sc.) oceanography or marine biology from a reputed institution to rise in your career as oceanographer. You can even attain a degree in Master of Technology (M.Tech) in ocean engineering and ocean technology to get hired by the employers.

Master Courses

• Master of Science (M.Sc) in oceanography
• Master of Science in Marine Biology
• M.Tech in Ocean Engineering
• M.Sc in Marine Biology
• M.Tech in Ocean Technology

Step 4

Candidates can pursue a Master of Philosophy (M.Phil) in marine biology and chemical oceanography or complete their PhD in oceanography in case they want to conduct research and teach at various universities.

Doctoral Courses

• M.Phil. in Marine Biology
• M.Phil. in Chemical Oceanography
• PhD in Oceanography

 

Oceanography Syllabus

The Oceanography courses are structured in four semesters. Here is the list of the subjects covered in master’s courses in Oceanography.

Semester 1

• Physical Meteorology
• Dynamical Meteorology
• Physical Oceanography

• Physical and Dynamical Meteorology
• Practical
• Computer Programming & Data Processing
• Meteorology & Oceanography Computations
• Viva Voice

Semester 2

• Dynamical Oceanography
• Synoptic Meteorology
• Advanced Dynamical Meteorology
• Electronics

• Practical
• Synoptic Analysis
• Electronics

Semester 3

• Cloud Physics
• Air-Sea Interaction

• Observational Techniques
• Numerical Weather Prediction
• Practical
• Numerical Weather Protection
• Instruments

Semester 4

• Tropical Meteorology
• Climate Modelling
• Satellite Meteorology
• Agricultural & Hydro-meteorology
• Practical
• Applied Meteorology
• Dissertation

 

Top oceanography colleges in India

Most of the institutes/universities in India offer postgraduate courses in oceanography and Marine biology.  Here are a few of the universities in India that offer courses in Oceanography.

• Alagappa University

Course: M.Sc. Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies
Eligibility: B.Sc. in Zoology/Botany/Chemistry/ Fishery Science / Earth Science/Physics/Agriculture/Microbiology/Applied Sciences or equivalent thereof in the related disciplines

• Andhra University

Course: M.Sc. (Oceanography – Physical and Chemical)
Eligibility: B.Sc. in Zoology/Botany/Chemistry/ Fishery Science / Earth Science/Physics/Agriculture/Microbiology/Applied Sciences or any other equivalent programs

• Annamalai University

Course: M.Sc. (Marine Biology and Oceanography)
Eligibility: A pass in the B.Sc. Degree examination with Zoology as the main subject with not less than 55% of marks in Part-III.

• Cochin University of Science and Technology

Courses Offered:
M.Sc. Oceanography
M.Phil. Chemical Oceanography
M.Tech. Ocean Technology
M.Sc. Marine Biology

• India Institute of Technology

 

• Berhampur University

Course: M.Sc. in Marine Biology/Oceanography
Eligibility: B.Sc. in Zoology/Botany/Chemistry/ Fishery Science / Earth Science/Physics/Agriculture/Microbiology/Applied Sciences or any other equivalent programs.

• Goa University

Course Offered: M.Sc. Marine Science, Ph.D

• Mangalore University

Course: M. Sc. in Marine Geology
Eligibility: BSc

• Amity University,Jaipur
• Institute of Technology & Marine Engineering
• Indian Maritime University

 

Top 10 Universities for Oceanographers

There are a wide range of universities/colleges offering degrees in oceanography courses around the globe. Here are a few of the universities that offer oceanography courses to the candidates.

University	Total Fees
Massachusetts Institute of Technology	57 lacs
The University of California, Berkeley (UCB)	51.2 lakhs
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	13.2 lacs
University of Miami	55.6lacs
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)	59.1lacs
University of Wisconsin-Madison	41.3 lacs
University of California-Santa Cruz	43.6lacs

 

University of California, San Diego

26.6 lacs

 

 

Why study Oceanography?

The job market of Geo-scientists, including that of an oceanographer, is expected to grow by 7% between 2020 and 2030. Natural resources companies in the petroleum and gas industry can be a reliable source of employment for oceanographers. Institutes conducting research as well as government institutes who work to provide environment protection and water management also will contribute to the rise in demand for oceanographers. You can also take the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) exam to join services in the public sector.

 

Here is a list of sectors where Oceanographers can find employment opportunities:

• Environmental Protection Agencies
• Indian Navy
• Merchant Navy
• National Institute of Oceanography
• Weather Forecast Department
• Manufacturers of Marine Equipment
• Energy Supply Organizations
• Oil, Gas, and Water Industry
• Industrial Research Laboratories
• Geological survey of India
• Meteorological survey of India

 

Job Profiles and Salary

Here is the list of some of the popular job profiles along with basic salary structure.

• Ocean Imports Manager
• Wellness Ocean Resource Person
• Marine Biologist
• Physical, Biologist, Chemical and Geological Oceanographers
• Marine Environmentalists
• Marine and Ocean Engineers
• Marine policy experts
• Hydro-grapher
• Marine Archaeologists
• Ocean Freight Manager
• Maintenance Assistant

 

Oceanographer Salary

Making a career in Oceanography is not only challenging but equally rewarding. The average salary of an oceanographer in India is approximately Rs 2 to 9 lacs per annum.

In the US, the average salary after pursuing oceanography is given below.

Job Profile	Annual salary per annum
Conservation Scientists	Rs 45 lacs
Biological Technicians	Rs36 lacs
Biochemist and Biophysicists	Rs 70 lacs
Geo-scientists	Rs 68 lacs
Atmospheric Scientists	Rs 70 lacs
Hydrologists	Rs 59 lacs
Zoologists	Rs 47 lacs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

We live in a world which is living and thriving with all kinds of flora and fauna. As the leader of the living being and regarded as the most intelligent being it becomes our duty to preserve life on the planet. Today almost 31% of the world’s land surface is covered with Forests. That is about 4.6 billion hectares. In India the percentage is 21.71% I.e., 7,13,789 square kilometres. It is the job of the Forestry professionals to preserve and maintain these forests.

What is Forestry?

Forestry is the science or practice of planting,managing,conserving, and maintaining forests and its associated resources with the aim of meeting the goal of human benefit.

Forestry is the art and science of land and forest management. Its goal is to optimize the use of the areas covered under forests for commercial, industrial and recreational purposes while conserving the natural resources and protecting the environment for the future.

Professional forestry consists of a range of diverse jobs that can occur in the forest or in an office where plans and policies are decided. They include planning,advising,directing,approving,supervising,engaging in, and reporting services.

Professional forestry includes services related to inventory, classification,valuation,appraisal, conservation,protection,management,enhancement,harvesting, silviculture, and rehabilitation of trees, forest resources, forest transportation systems and forest.

 

What is a Forestry Professional?

A practitioner of Forestry is known as Forester or Forestry Professional.

A Forestry Professional is an expert in land and forest management who must keep a balance between planning the usage of forest lands and protecting them. In other words, “Sustainability” is the primary goal of the forestry professional.

Forestry Professionals do research, develop plans and administer programs related to the management and harvesting of natural resources in the forest.

Forestry Professionals work in the forest industry, provincial and federal governments, consulting companies, educational institutions or other industries. Some of them are also self-employed.

 

There are two main types of Forest Professionals.

• Registered Forest Technologist (RFT) 

Registered Forest Technologist holds a two-year post-secondary diploma. He is mainly involved in technical forest management activities such as forest measurements,silviculture, and forest operations. and forest protection.

• Registered Professional Forester (RPF) 

Registered Professional Forester (RPF) holds a four-year post-secondary degree. He is involved in all aspects of managing the forest and how it will be used and cared for.

Roles and Responsibilities of the Forestry Professionals 

Although the specific tasks of the forest professional vary from region to region, we still bring out the general tasks of them.

• The forest professionals plan and direct forest surveys and related studies. They have to prepare reports on findings, conclusions and recommendations.

• They create short-term and long-term plans for the management of forest lands and resources. This is done by compiling and evaluating Geographical Information System (GIS) data and aerial photographs to identify trends in forest and land usage.
• They plan and direct woodland harvesting, road building, and reforestation programs. They also plan silviculture, prevention and suppression of fire, wildlife management, environmental protection, and insect and vegetable control.
• They must ensure adherence to government regulations and forest company goals.
• They must evaluate the health and growth of the trees using tools like clinometers and bark gauges to estimate timber volumes.
• They oversee contract compliance and results of forest activities.

• Their job is to advise, recommend and provide other consultative services about forestry matters to private woodlot owners, municipal, provisional or federal government or forest companies.

 

How can you become a Forest Professional?

There are many skills that are vital for professional foresters. Here are a few of them.

• Physical Stamina
• Management and supervisory skills
• Communication Skills
• Analytical reasoning and critical thinking skills
• Informed decision-making skills

Since forestry is more of a science you must take courses in STEM. This is because it will help you to build a solid foundation that will serve you well in your future career in forestry.

Indian Forest Services Pathway 

You can do a bachelor’s degree in any of the following subjects:

• Agriculture

• Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science
• Botany
• Chemistry
• Forestry
• Geology

• Mathematics
• Physics
• Statistics
• Zoology
• Silviculture

• Forest Products
• Commercial Forestry
• Agroforestry
• Forest Economics
• Wood Science & Tech.

• Tree Genetics & Breeding

 

You can take a master’s degree in the following subjects.

• M.Sc. in Forestry

• M.Sc. in wildlife
• M.Sc. in Wood Science & Tech.
• Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Agroforestry
• Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Forest Products
• Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Tree Improvements

• Masters in wildlife sciences.

 

In case you want to go for an M.Phil./PhD degree in forestry there are more career opportunities as well as a hike in salary.

Candidates can take certificate & Diploma courses in Forestry. Here are a few of them.

• Diploma in Zoo and Wild Animal Health Care and Management

• Post Graduate Diploma in Forestry Management (PGDFM)
• Post master’s Diploma Non-Wood Forest Products.

 

Eligibility to get admission in Forestry Courses 

After clearing their 10+2 examination with science, the candidates must pass All India Entrance Exam of ICAR (ICAR AIEEA 2023) for admission to agriculture universities that offer Forestry courses. Various Universities/Institutions have their own entrance examination for providing admission.

Here are few of the Universities/Colleges that offer forestry courses in India.

• Dr BR Ambedkar University, Uttar Pradesh
• GB. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pant Nagar
• Arid Forest Research institute, Jodhpur
• Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal

• Forest Research Institute University, DehraDun
• Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Himachal Pradesh
• Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun
• Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur
• Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore

Educational Fees 

The educational fees to become a forestry professional in India varies depending on the level of education and the institution. Here is the approximate costs for you to complete the degree in forestry.

• For a bachelor’s degree in forestry the average tuition fees in India is between Rs 50,000 to Rs 150,000 per year.
• For a master’s degree in forestry the cost ranges from Rs 70,000 to Rs 2.50,000 per annum.

• For the Ph.D. in forestry the average tuition fees is Rs 50,000 to Rs 150,000 per year.

Students also have to bear the cost of accommodation,food,books,and other expenses. However, Scholarships and financial aid programs are also available to eligible students.

 

Why should you become a Forestry Professional?

Today modern forestry management has become very complicated and diverse. The need to understand the subject of forestry has become essential. The forestry professionals who are thoroughly equipped with the relevant skills, education and experience of forestry are now employed by the forestry management.

These professionals can easily guide the decision-making and policy making of forest land management. The forestry professional specializes in problem solving, technical science, prescription,interpretation.assessment, judgement,computation,monitoring,optimization,negotiation, management, supervision, and written verbal communication.

 

The forest professional must coordinate with many people from different profiles like landowners,purchasers,managers,technicians,contractors,and other professionals to implement projects important to manage the forest for renewable commodities and natural resource values.

These forestry professionals are now employed to advise and inform the management of the valued forestland assets. These professionals are now the decision-maker or the managers who direct operations and programs. Forestry jobs require a unique combination of intellectually demanding work that is often located outdoors in the forest.

Here are a few of the Forester Job profiles who are employed in the decision-making process by the forestry management.

• Archaeologist 

The Forest archeologist is a forestry professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the management of cultural, historic and prehistoric, and historic preservation on forestland properties.

He is an expert in anthropology and cultural science with a bachelor’s degree in archaeology,anthropology or cultural resources, and related experience.

• Biologist – Wildlife/Fisheries 

The forest biologist is a forestry professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the management of plants, animals, birds, fish, other biota, and their terrestrial & aquatic habitats on forestland properties. Duties may include ecological resources.

Forest biologist is dedicated to sound biologic science and species management and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in biology or forest ecology, and related experience.

• Ecologist 

The forest ecologist is a forestry professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the management of abiotic and biotic ecosystems, invasive species, and species terrestrial & aquatic habitats on forestland properties.

Forest ecologist is dedicated to sound ecologic science and ecosystems management and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in ecology or biology, and related experience.

• Economist/Accountant 

The forest economist is a forestry professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the micro- and macro-economic implications of forest management activities conducted on forestland properties.

Forest economist is dedicated to sound economic principles, financial & cost accounting, generally accepted accounting principles, and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in economics, accounting, or forest management, and related experience.

• Engineer 

The forest engineer is a professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the design, construction, operation and maintenance concerning forest infrastructure such as roads, logging-transportation systems, bridges, structures, drainage, facilities and trails located on forestland properties.

Forest engineers are dedicated to sound engineering principles and infrastructure effectiveness and are credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in forest engineering and related experience.

• Entomologist/Pathologist 

Entomology is the study of forest insect pests while pathology is the study and prevention of forest diseases. The forest entomologist/pathologist is a forestland managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to healthy forestland property management of one or both specialized fields.

Forest entomologist, or pathologist, is dedicated to forest health, sound science, and ecosystems management, and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in forest entomology, forest pathology, or forest health, and related experience.

• Environmental/Legal Coordinator

The forest environmental coordinator is a land managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to regulatory compliance with environmental laws during forest management operations. Coordinator assures legal requirements are accomplished for environmental protection, contracting, project design, liability, insurance, litigation, legal defence, environmental documentation & records, forest planning, and land use law.

Environmental coordinator is dedicated to sound legal and business practices, and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in business, environmental science, or forestry and related experience.

• Extension/Forest Interpretation/Educator

The forest educator is a forestry professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the education of people about forest science, management, public uses, and benefits of forests and forestland properties.

Forest educator is dedicated to sound educational principles, extension of knowledge about forests, interpretation and visitor administration, natural resource management, and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in education, interpretation, outdoor recreation or natural resources, and related experience.

• Fire Management Officer 

The forest fire management officer is a forestland managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the managed use of prescribed fire, the prevention of unwanted fires, as well as firefighting wildfires on forestland properties.

Forest fire management officer is dedicated to sound fire science, climatology, air quality and fire management, and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in forest fire science, forestry, or forest health, and related experience.

• Forest Operations Business Manager  

The forest operations manager is a land managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the business functions of a private forest management firm, such as accounting, personnel, asset management, financial & budgeting, forestry operations, harvest planning, stand management, contracting, logistics, legal matters, and so forth.

Forest business manager is dedicated to sound business practices and applicable laws and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in forest operations, business or management, and related experience.

•  Forester 

The forester is a forestland managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the forest growing, harvesting, protection, accessibility, productivity, and sustainability on forestland properties.

Foresters are dedicated to sound forest science, management and conservation, and are credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in forestry and related experience.

• Geographic Information Systems Specialist – Cartographer  

The forest cartographer is a land managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the electronic mapping, spatial data computing, remote sensing, and imagery interpretation applicable to the management of forestland properties.

Forest cartographer is dedicated to sound geographic information management and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in GIS systems or cartography, and related experience.

• Geologist/Geo technical Engineer  

A forest geologist is a forestland managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the management of forest Geo technical engineering, geology resources, land movement, quarry and excavation on forestland properties.

Forest geologists are dedicated to sound geologic science and are credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in geology or soil science, and related experience.

• Lobbyist – Government Affairs/Policy 

The forest policy lobbyist is a forestland managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the policy making, lawmaking, forest planning and communication, surrounding government policies that govern forestland property management.

Forest policy lobbyists are dedicated to sound representation of effective forest management policies and practices, ethical lobbying, accurate communication, business principles and balanced public policy, and are credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in political science, forest management or public policy, and related experience.

• Hydrologist 

The forest hydrologist is a forestland managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the operations management of forest water resources—such as streams, wetlands, lakes, bogs, springs or watersheds—and aquatic habitat on forestland properties.

Forest hydrologist is dedicated to sound hydrologic science and water quality management and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in hydrology or forest watersheds, and related experience.

• Information Technology (IT) Specialist 

The forest information technology (IT) specialist is a land managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the electronic information storage, computing, database management, field data recording, software applications, internet services, optimization programs, mapping, and spatial data applicable to the management of forestland properties.

Forest IT specialist is dedicated to sound electronic information management and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in information technology, computer systems, or other related curriculum, and related experience.

•  Land Surveyor 

The forest land surveyor is a land managing professional who provides sound knowledge and techniques of surveying measurement, relevant law, adequate evidence, which are requisite to surveying of real property.

Land surveyors are dedicated to sound surveying practices and are credentialed by a Licensed Professional Land Surveyor.

• Landscape Architect 

The landscape architect is a forestland managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the management of aesthetic and visual resources on forestland properties.

Forest landscape architect is dedicated to sound visual management science and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in landscape architecture or natural resources, and related experience.

• Logistics/Transportation/Forest Planner 

The forest logistics planner is a forestland managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the allocation, scheduling, transportation and movement of forest products, workers, equipment, resources or materials—surrounding the management of forest projects and forestlands.

Forest logistics planners are dedicated to sound transportation, logistics principles and planning effectiveness, and are credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in operations management, logistics, transportation or engineering, and related experience.

• Outdoor Recreation Director 

The forest recreation director is a forestland managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the public uses of forests for enjoyment, lifestyle, aesthetics, cultural values, user access, or recreational opportunities on forestland properties.

Forest recreation director is dedicated to sound outdoor recreational science, natural resource management, interpretation and visitor administration, and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in outdoor recreation or natural resources, and related experience.

• Public Forest Administrator 

The forest public administrator is a forestland managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the management of a government agency engaged in forestlands.

Public administrator is dedicated to sound forest science, management, conservation and public policy, and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in public administration, planning or forestry, and related experience.

•  Public Relations/Communication Manager 

The forest public relations manager is a forestland managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the external and internal communications of a forest organization.

Public relations manager is dedicated to sound journalism principles, technical writing, environmental documentation, presentations, information technology, and communication about forest management, and are credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in journalism, public relations, political science or forest management, and related experience.

•  Range Conservationist 

The forest range conservationist is a forestland managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the grazing management of forage resources located on forestland properties. Conservationist responsible for natural resource protection, forage utilization, grazing allotment planning, wildlife habitat, and wise use of forage for livestock and other ungulates.

Range conservationist is dedicated to sound range science and is credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in range conservationist or forest range resources or range ecology, and related experience.

• Silviculturist 

The silviculturist is a forestland managing professional who provides sound knowledge and administration skills to the forest growing, harvesting, protection, accessibility, productivity, and sustainability on forestland properties. Silviculturist is a specialised type of ‘forester’, who is focused on diagnosis, prescription, forest health, and reforestation. Silviculturists control establishment, growth, health and harvest of forests to meet the needs and values of forest landowners on a sustainable basis.

Silviculturists are dedicated to sound forest science, engineering, management and conservation, and are credentialed by a bachelor’s degree in forestry, extensive related forest management experience.

The Future Scenario 

The prospects of the forestry profession in India are very encouraging due to the increasing awareness and concern for environment conservation and sustainable management of natural resources.

As per the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), the forestry and wildlife sector in India is projected to grow at a rate of 2.2% per year until 2025, creating job opportunities for around 2 million people.

The forestry sector in India is also expected to benefit from the growing demand for wood-based products, especially in the construction and furniture industries. According to the report by Research and Market, the India wood-based panel market is expected to grow at a rate of 6.8% per year until 2026 driven by the increasing demand for eco-friendly and sustainable materials.

Conclusion 

We as humans, the most intelligent being on the planet, have the responsibility of being the part of it as well as being the caretaker of it.We are destined to live here and use its resources in a responsible manner that ensures the vitality of the global environment for generations to come.

If you think you can be one of those people who want to protect the natural environment there are several conservation careers that you might like to pursue. One such role is the Forestry Professional.

 

 

 

 

Let us look at today’s scenario in the corporate ladder. The first step for us as a candidate is to get a place in the company of our choice and then a suitable job relevant to our skills and ambition. We go to a nearby job consultancy office to know the entry process in a company of our choice.

There we meet and shake hands with a person sitting behind the desk, probably with a computer. The officer makes us fill in a form asking for information about us, our skills, our educational qualifications, our career goals etc. Then he will give a short interview with us after seeing the form. The person whom we are talking to is the Placement Officer. 

 Now let us look in the mirror and view from the other side. We are in the Human Resources & Development (HR&D) department of a company. As a HRD manager there we are looking for suitable candidates for the company for various jobs in sales & marketing, personal,finance, accounts, administration, information technology etc. As a company’s employee we have responsibility towards our company to get candidates with relevant skills for the various jobs at different positions in the company. 

The whole game starts here.Both the candidate applying for the job and the HRD officer of the company are looking for their best interests. Then we have a third person who tries to negotiate between the two to get a WIN-WIN situation for both. The person we are referring to is a placement officer. 

Now let us look at the whole process of recruitment of candidates in a company in both the government and private sector. 

What is Staffing?

 

Staffing includes the whole process of identifying.assessing, placing, evaluating, and developing individuals at work. It involves the matching of jobs and individuals. 

What are the steps involved in the staffing process? 

Staffing involves numbers of functions like planning,selection,training and appraisal of the individuals. There are the 7 Steps involved in the process of staffing. 

1. Manpower Planning  

Manpower planning is defined as the process by which the management ensures the right number of people and the right kinds of people at the right place at the right time doing the right things for which they are best suited. 

2. Job analysis 

Job analysis is the process of systematic collection of data in the organization to redesign each job in such a way to distinguish it from other jobs.  

3. Selection 

Selection is the process of choosing the most suitable person among the candidates both from within the organization or from outside for the current position or for the future position. 

4. Tests and Interview 

All of us have different physical characteristics, capacity, level of mental ability, likes and dislikes and with respect to personality traits. Tests and Interview measure these differences among the individual candidates. These tests provide us with the candidate’s intelligence,aptitude,interest,personality,etc. 

5. Placement 

Placement is the appointment of the candidates after selection to the specific jobs after matching the requirements of the jobs and the skills of the candidate concerned. 

6. Induction and Orientation 

Induction and orientation are the process of introducing a new employee to the organization, its culture, procedures, rules and regulations and its people with whom he will interact in his day to day working. 

7. Performance Appraisal 

Performance appraisal measures and evaluates employees with respect to their performance on the jobs and their potential for development.  

Here we will be discussing STEP 5 of the staffing process I.e., the Placement, The Placement officer who does it and the career path of the placement officer.  

 

Placement and Placement officers 

Placement- Definition 

 

“Placement is the determination of the job to which an accepted candidate is to be assigned and his assignment and to that job.” 

                                                                   Pigors and Myers 

To put it in simple words, placement is the process of sending newly selected personnel to some department for work. It is also concerned with the assignment of authority and responsibility to the newly assigned candidates in the company.Effective placement is putting the right man in the right job. 

Placement is an important HR function and new recruits must be inducted properly so that they become good performers. 

Placement helps the employers in achieving the following objectives:  

1. It improves the morale of the employees  
2. It reduces employee turnover  
3. Placement decreases accident rates  
4. Enhances labour productivity  
5. Clarifies expectations.

What is a Placement officer? 

Placement officers are the human resources experts.They are responsible for placing university and college students in the suitable work environments by sending them to relevant employers.They do this by sending candidates to those jobs that require matching skills.  

Placement officers mostly work for tertiary education providers such as universities,TAFEs,RTOs, and specialized training organizations. 

 Placement Officers Job Description 

Here are the Placement officer’s roles & responsibilities 

• Finding effective placement opportunities for students. 
• To conduct proper training of students. 
• Liaison with students and employers during placement. 
• Foster relationships with employment providers. 
• To work in close coordination with coordinator industry and institute for organizing lectures and seminars from the professionals from various educational institutes and industry. 

• To collect feedback from the companies for placement. 
• Conduct pre-placement background checks 
• Organize entrepreneurship workshop.

How can you become a Placement Officer? 

Skill set for placement officers 

Here are the key skills that an employer looks for in a placement officer. 

• Excellent communication and interpersonal skills.
•  Must be proficient in management & economics. 
• He must be aware of industrial clusters in terms of sectors and locations. 
• He must have excellent networking skills and able to build contacts & credible reciprocal relationships with top brass in the industry. 
• A placement officer must be able to facilitate industry-institute relationship. 
• He must be good in public relations and liaisoning. 
• He must be well aware of the changing needs of industry.government policies and national economy. 
• He must be proactive,always have a positive attitude, and be an optimist. 
• He must be able to work under strict targets and stressful conditions. 

Educational Qualifications for Placement officers. 

You must have at least a degree in graduation in any subject to start your career as Placement officer.It is desirable that the placement officers must have same degree that is being offered.However you must have significant experience in the industry with good network and contacts with the top brass in the big business houses. 

A MBA or PGDBM in Human Resources & Development has become also necessary in the present context. 

Here are the list of top business schools in India offering  MBAs offering HR. 

 

Institute	Locations	Course	Eligibility	Website/Information
Indian Institute of Management	Ahmedabad	PGDBM	At least 10+2+3 in any discipline	www.iimahd.ernet.in/
Management Development Institute	Gurgaon	PGDBM	At least 10+2+3 in any discipline	http://www.mdi.ac.in/
Xavier Labour Research Institute (XLRI) – Xavier School of Management	Jamshedpur	PGDBM	At least 10+2+3 in any discipline	www.xlri.ac.in
Tata Institute of Social Science	Mumbai	PGDBM	Own entrance	www.tiss.edu

 

  

Here are few of the top business schools of the world offering MBAs in HR. 

Institute	Courses	Average Score in GMAT	Country	Website
University of Chicago – Booth School of Business	MBA	720	USA	https://www.chicagobooth.edu/
Stanford Graduate School of Business	MBA	720	USA	https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/
Harvard Business School	MBA	730	USA	http://www.hbs.edu/Pages/default.aspx
University of Pennsylvania-Wharton	MBA	728	USA	https://www.wharton.upenn.edu/
London business school	MBA	700	UK	https://www.london.edu/
INSEAD	MBA	703	France	http://www.insead.edu/home/
University of Oxford- Saïd Business School	MBA	690	UK	http://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk
HEC Paris MBA	MBA	690	France	http://www.mba.hec.edu/
NUS Business School	MBA	672	Singapore	http://bschool.nus.edu
HKUST Business School	MBA	600	Hong Kong	http://www.bm.ust.hk/

 

 Cost of fees 

The cost of an MBA from a top business school in India would range between INR 8 lakhs to INR 25 lacs comprehensively. A MBA degree from abroad will cost you between INR 35 lacs to INR 90 lacs comprehensively.If you go for an Executive MBAs which are of shorter duration the total costs rises much higher. 

 

The Scope of Placement Officer as Career 

Let us look at the current statistics. 

The percentage of the working population in India is 59.5 percent of the total population. 

India has the largest universities in the world.Today India has around 1000 + universities and 42000 + colleges imparting higher education. 

There are a total of 3500 engineering colleges,1260 medical colleges,3400 polytechnics, and 200 design and architecture schools in india. 

Today about 8.15% of Indians are graduates. 

The unemployment rate in India in 2021 was 5.98%. The number of Job seekers in India in 2016 as per CEIC data was 43.5 million. 

This leads us to the fact that there is a tremendous scope of education in India and lots of opportunities for placement officers. 

The placement officers are much in demand in these colleges and universities as college and university placement officers especially those offering professional degrees like engineering colleges,Business Schools,CA Institutes, Vocational training institutes, and training institutes like NIIT which have their own placement cell and needs student placement officers to liaison with the industry for placement in various companies. 

Also a Placement officer with experience and Network & Contact in the industry can start his own career placement office.  

Placement Agencies 

 

Today the Indian staffing market is $10 billion.It is growing at the rate of 28% per annum and is poised to become one of the largest by the year 2030.Today recruitment industry in India is a huge industry and cover areas like talent acquisition,employee responsibilities,reskilling employees and providing them with good compensation. 

The placement agencies take care of recruiting the job seekers to the employers.A placement agency is a private firm placing people in jobs in various companies.The placement agency provide nation-wide service by matching the demand and supply of work-force  and invite the bio-data and record from various job-seekers and send them to suitable clients.They charge fees for providing such service from both the job-seeker and commission(about 2% –2.5% of the salary) from the company where the job seeker is successfully placed. 

There are about 23,000 recruitment companies in India where we find work placement officers waiting to recruit the job seekers to approach them.Also the companies hire these placement agencies to recruit the candidates in different departments like strategy and management, operations, human resources, finances, funding opportunities, IT, and sales and marketing. 

 

Top 10 Placement agencies in India 

Here are the top ten placement agencies in India where you can work as a placement officer. 

1. Teamplus staffing solution(IT staffing company in India) 

• Industry:Recruitment & Staffing consultant 
• Location:Pune,Maharashtra 

Teamplus staffing solution is a renowned placement agency. The agency provides expertise in a wide range of staffing assistance like Contract Staffing Services, Permanent Staffing Services,  RPO Services, Offshore Staffing Services, Remote/ Virtual IT Staffing Services, and Onsite Recruitment Services in India and other nations 

 

2. ABC Job placement 

• Industry: Recruitment Consultants 
• Location: New Delhi 

“Building Careers” is the Motto of ABC job placement and is one of the top placement agencies. It has over 500 job consultants and it is one of the best talent acquisition companies for offering the best and most personalised recruitment solutions. 

 

3. Zigsaw consultancy 

• Industry: HR Consultants 
• Location:Udaipur,Rajasthan 

With a stronghold in tier-2 and tier-3 cities, Zigsaw consultancy is currently operating in all of India’s major cities.This company is totally focussed on human resources and works closely with its alliance partners to find the best personnel. The consultancy has various customizable hiring plans which companies can choose.Additionally they have Free Hiring Model which works well with small and medium sized businesses for the recruiting companies. 

 

4. M.M. Enterprises 

• Industry:Human Resources Consultants 
• Location:Delhi 

M.M. Enterprises offers comprehensive HR solutions to the esteemed businesses.The consultancy offers workforce outsourcing with distinct client –specific needs and tailored solutions.It mainly focuses on employee leasing,staffing and placement services.It has the best HR professionals in the industry with comprehensive payroll services and resume writing services to kickstart the career of job seekers. 

6. Randstad 

•  Industry:IT Staffing & Recruitment Consultants 
•  Location: Chennai 

Established in 1992 Randstad was previously called “Ma Foi”. The agency has built a solid reputation in the placement industry by offering its clients high quality recruitment services.It has now regarded as one of the top recruitment agencies in India for HR services . With presence in over 20 cities Randstad is the second largest recruiting- firm in the world.The company provides various HR services including hiring people on temporary and permanent contracts, offering HR-based solutions, and providing in-house services. 

7. Kelly Services 

• Industry:HR Consultants 
• Location:Pune 

Kelly is an American Multinational recruiting firm established in America in 1946.It quickly  expanded overseas and started its operation in India in 2001.Kelly support has become a market leader in providing workforce solutions, including candidate’s recruiting client service, and staffing solution across industries.The HR division of Kelly services has won many awards for its policies,quality procedures,involvement in the community in the community, and supplier diversity.Kelly services specializes in hiring scientific positions for scientific positions,mid-senior level positions, engineering recruitments, IT recruitments,financial services, and functional recruitment. 

8. Teamlease Services 

• Industry:Recruitment Consultants 

• Location: India 

Founded in 2002 Teamlease services is one of the top recruitment consultants in India having more than 1700 workers and 2500 clients nationwide.Its mission is “Putting India to work”. It is ranked eighth in the Fortune India magazine.Today Teamlease services employs more than 1.7 million people and have about 2 lac associates dispersed across dispersed across the country’s 6600+ locations.The company offers wide range of services like evaluations,corporate training programs in payroll outsourcing, temporary and permanent staffing, regulatory compliances, and more. 

9. Adecco India 

• Industry:Staffing&Recruitment 
• Location:Bangalore 

Adecco is a bangalore-based recruitment firm that has expanded its offerings and has produced amazing results by offering top-notch services to its customers. 

10. Sutra HR 

• Industry:HR Consultants 
• Location:Mumbai 

Sutra HR was founded in 2008 and now has more than 500 clients connected to various industries.The company has major clients in various countries in Malaysia,Singapore,the Middle East,Indonesia, and the UK. 

11. CareerNet 

• Industry:Recruitment consultants 
• Bangalore 

  CareerNet was started in 1999 and now one of the top ten recruitment firms in India.The company offers workforce solution to ite customers all over the world.CareerNet offers its clients excellent and affordable recruitment solutions.The IT, FMC,banking,knowledge services, and insurance industries are the major CareerNet’s clients. 

Potential Earnings 

The Placement officer remunerations depends on his experience and the type of institution where he works.Generally the starting  salary ranges from INR 3.5lacs to INR 6 lacs per annum when one joins as assistant placement officer.As the experience grows the salary can reach INR 20 lacs per annum or even higher. 

 

Conclusion 

In today’s high profile and fast paced life when you do not have time to even wink, placement officers play a very important role in your career process. They have become indispensable by helping you with proper career guidance as you advance in your career path.Their knowledge and experience in dealing with the right people in the industry along with back- up of professional recruiting firms have helped millions of job-seekers to get proper jobs matching their qualifications and experience in the industry.

Further they are also given career guidance at the time of Job-switching where the post  placement support officer provides them with information of new companies and other facilities like salary,location of work etc. beforehand to make their placement easier and comfortable to the new company.He also give them impartial feedback from the employers from time to time so he can improve his performance in the company. 

No doubt Placement officers have become synonymous with the industry. No body wants to be recruited directly now but through recruiting agents. The scope of placement officer has increased tremendously as a career and more people want become one to help others like them to seek jobs.

With the rapid growth in the industry and the complication arising in getting jobs especially for job seekers coming  from small towns to big cities the role of placement officers has become even more important and respectable with better remuneration.

 

In today’s world, where the manufacturing industry is the backbone to our economy, maintaining inventory has become a must for all industries. It will take us an immense awareness of certain expectations to keep guard of things with us and realise which and where things belong. That is what a Storekeeper does in their everyday work life. To be successful in the Career as Storekeeper we must perform multiple tasks and work under pressure while staying proficient with clients.

What is a Storekeeper?

A storekeeper is a person who is responsible for maintaining goods in the warehouse at all stages. The stages include the time of moving goods into the warehouse, preserving and storing them to the stage of moving goods out of the warehouse, and ensuring requirements of quality and quantity of goods well. He also checks the inventory and maintains inventory records.

Storekeeper Definition 

Storekeepers are highly skilled professionals who manage, supervise, or perform a variety of tasks like ordering, receiving, storing, accounting, distributing, shipping, and issuing equipment, apparatus, materials, and supplies. They also perform other related duties as required.

Storekeeper Job Description 

 

Storekeepers are highly skilled professionals responsible for managing all operations of the storeroom of an organisation. Their job responsibilities require them to ensure that all store personnel working under them in a storeroom are following the general rules and regulations of the organization while maintaining an orderly and safe working environment.They must maintain and revamp inventory management system while preparing reports for their superiors. It is the storekeeper’s duty to respond to customer requests and provide them with a service with other divisions of the materials management department.

A storekeeper must undertake the following tasks:

1. Implementing goods receipt/issue procedures 

• The storekeeper must receive detailed and accurate information about the goods arriving at the warehouse. He must carefully check and record the quantity and condition of goods while moving out of the warehouse.
• He must take care to check goods receipt or issue requisition documents under regulations to ensure that quality goods are delivered to the right object to avoid confusion.
• He must be able to receive delivery documents, make goods issue requests, information on the goods management system and transfer it to the purchasing or accounting department under regulations to serve the next stage.
• He is responsible for arranging neat and clean locations and premises to receive goods in a convenient, fast, and timesaving way when there is information on goods receipt.
• He must ensure that the goods receipt and issue process does not damage the goods.
• He must record specifically the goods received note and goods delivery note to list the quantity of the goods.
• He must track the number of goods receipt/issues each day and compare with the minimum norm to maintain warehouse efficiency.

2. Tracking inventory 

• He must be able to keep track of minimum inventory and stock counts for the day.
• It is the his to ensure that the goods always have a reasonable minimum inventory level in case the partner unexpectedly requests a large quantity of goods or there is damaged goods during transportation.
• He must advice the director to change the minimum norm of the warehouse to provide a timely solution when there is a sudden change in the quantity or quality of goods .

3. Putting goods in the warehouse 

• He must be able to make a purchase requisition form according to plan.
• Make goods purchasing and issue procedures.
• He must follow up the goods receipt process, speed up purchasing, buy raw materials to ensure warehouse performance, and provide essential materials for the production process.

4. Arranging goods in the warehouse 

• A storekeeper must make records of warehouse changes. He must update the warehouse plan when there is a change.
• All goods must be arranged neatly, scientifically, clearly, and cleanly as required.
  He must make warehouse records and take stock of goods.
• It is the duty of the storekeeper to ensure warehouse records. This helps in making warehouse management easy. The warehouse record must be classified according to each type of goods, including item code, expiry date, size, and required object.
• He  must take stock of goods. It helps control the amount of goods circulation and inventory. Therefore, he detects defective goods by making a list to send to the functional department for handling.

5.  Complying with regulations on fire prevention 

• A storekeeper must be capable of ensuring the warehouse’s safety because the warehouse is a place where goods are arranged, in a dry environment with many flammable materials. Therefore, it is always a potential fire hazard. Therefore, he must have fire prevention measures in the goods arrangement and have firefighting solutions in the worst situation.

How to become a Storekeeper?

Like every job that requires you to complete certain steps, a storekeeper career is no exception. You must follow these steps to become a storekeeper.

Step 1: Complete you 10+2  

You must complete your 12th or higher secondary examination as a minimum qualification in your career path to become a storekeeper.  

Step2: Earn a bachelor’s degree 

While most of the employers hire candidates for storekeepers with 10+2 qualifications, many prefer candidates with bachelor’s degree.

Step 3: Gain work experience 

Most employers prefer candidates with one or more years of work experience.

Step 4: Math and accounting skills 

Math is a very important skill for a storekeeper in his daily operations. Similarly, knowledge of basic accounting is found suitable for any storekeeper’s job.

Step 4: Focus on job shadowing

Job shadowing has become an important role-playing step in a similar position to learn more about any job. So, if you want to learn more about this job you can request your mentor or friend in a similar position to allow job-shadowing. It also helps you to determine whether it is a good career choice for you.

Skills of a storekeeper 

Here are some skills that you require for a successful career as a storekeeper.

• Good communication and Interpersonal skills 

A storekeeper job involves interacting with colleagues, clients, employers and even third-party vendors. Therefore, it is important for him to have excellent communication skills. Good Interpersonal skills help you to interact with others in a courteous and friendly manner resulting in creating an amiable work environment. Also, you can work efficiently and effectively in a team if you have good interpersonal skills.

• Excellent Computer skills 

All storekeepers are expected to have a working knowledge of computers. They must be able to work on applications like spreadsheets and word processors. You must be proficient in using barcode scanners, directed picking systems and automated equipment.

• Good Organizational Skills 

Having good organizational skills is necessary for storekeepers to work more efficiently and avoid unnecessary accidents. Employers prefer candidates who are well-organized and detail oriented.

• Proficiency in Inventory Management 

As a storekeeper you must have a good and thorough working knowledge of different inventory systems, store keeping methods and procedures. Most companies prefer storekeepers using inventory management software.

• Data Entry skills 

Data entry skill is yet another skill for the storekeepers that is required by the employers. They are required to maintain perpetual tracking spreadsheets and maintain perpetual inventory records of material received and issued.

• Dexterity 

Candidates who can perform physical tasks such as lifting inventories and heavy objects are always preferred by the employers. Thus, a candidate must have strong physical stamina. Therefore, dexterity is an essential skill in a storekeeper’s job.

Educational Qualification of a Storekeeper 

A storekeeper must have completed at least his high school examination. Previous experience in a management position is desirable for his career growth. He must have excellent verbal and written communication skills and must be proficient with computers.

The Diploma in Storekeeper course is a certificate course and is designed as a stepping stone for students who want to pursue their career in supply chain management and be in a management team.

The diploma course offers you a basic understanding of various operations carried out by storekeepers and how they impact the overall supply chain process. The course also provides examples of how storekeepers can improve productivity, reduce wastage and enhance customer satisfaction.

The curriculum of Diploma in storekeeper course in given below:

• Introduction to store management and inventory control
• Principles of retailing Sales techniques

• Sales techniques Marketing principles and practices.
• Principles of costing and pricing
• Store auditing and controls
• Retail accounting systems

Here are the top diplomas in storekeeper in India

• NIMS Training Academy
• Kudumbashree Diploma centre
• Global Education & Management Academy (GEMA), Chennai, Tamil Nadu
• Sivananda institute of Higher education and research, Coimbatore
• Vibgyor International School of Business and Humanities (VIBGYOR), Bangalore.

The fee structure for Diploma in Storekeeper is Rs.14000 only.

Scope of Store Keeping Career

Storekeeper jobs are mainly found in a central receiving, or departmental stores facility. He involved in the complete range of stores or receiving functions. The storekeeper has six levels in management.

Level 1: Assistant Storekeeper 

Assistant storekeeper is the entry level. Here one must perform manual duties like receiving, storing, issuing, distributing, shipping. They also must maintain inventory of supplies, materials, equipment and apparatus. Their job is to assist in receipt of goods by unloading, moving and counting packages, drums, crates, or other containers or items. They also check for obvious damage and log in goods received under close supervision.

Level 2: Storekeeper 

Storekeeper is at the operational level. In this level the storekeeper operates a departmental stores facility or works in a large stores operation providing service to grants, contracts and projects. They must perform operational duties like ordering, receiving, storing, inventory, issuing, distributing, shipping and record keeping. They must determine stock items and stock levels. They locate and order non-stock items and equipment parts. Prepare and expedite orders. They inspect items received, handle freight claims, quantity shortages, breakage, duplicate shipments, and back orders.

It is the storekeeper’s responsibility to help their coworkers with procedures or methods of handling claims for damage, quantity shortages, duplicate shipments, back orders, returned goods, inventory shortages, and other stores procedures. They must specialise in one or more stores’ activities or have responsibility for a complete stores facility handling a limited variety of materials.

Level 3: Store Worker 

Store workers require the operation of powered materials handling equipment.  In this level a store worker performs operational duties in the receipt, storage, and issue of material and use powered or unpowered materials handling equipment as required.

Store workers also load and unload trucks or other common carriers and transport material to specified areas either by hand or by use of powered or unpowered materials-handling equipment. They assist in the unpacking of the goods and in the inspection of incoming material against invoices or bills of lading to verify items and quantities received. They palletize and move material to designated locations and select specific items and assemble material in shipping bays. The Stores Worker class is different from the Storekeeper class in that here they are required to operate forklift trucks and/or other powered materials-handling equipment which require special skills in the palletizing or handling of materials and/or supplies.

Level 4: Senior Storekeeper 

Senior storekeeper is the advanced operational supervisory level. The senior storekeepers are responsible for the operation of a store’s facility or division having an annual cost of goods of less than $250,000 and an inventory exceeding $50,000. Senior Store Keeper also must supervise other Storekeepers They are responsible for work of greater complexity and responsibility like stock selection, space planning, etc. than that found at the operational level as evidenced by need for technical experience and/or training.

Level 5: Store Stores Supervisor 

The Stores Supervisor level is the full supervisory level. Under direction, incumbents have responsibility for the operation and supervision of a store’s facility or a major section in a facility having annual cost of goods ranging from $250,000 to $600,000.

Stores Supervisors plan budgetary needs, and  determine appropriate stock control methods and operating policies and  procedures. They also plan, organize, and direct the following functions like space and staffing requirements, stock selection and procurement, customer service, customer and vendor relations, planned purchasing coordination, and inventory management.

Level 6: Senior Stores Supervisor 

Senior Stores Supervisor is at the first managerial level. Under general direction, incumbents have responsibility for management of a store’s facility or a major division in a large store’s facility having an annual cost of goods ranging from $600,000 to $1,000,000. Senior Stores Supervisors plan the budgetary needs and determine appropriate stock control methods and operating policies and procedures. He also plans, organizes and directs the following functions: space and staffing requirements, stock selection and procurement, customer service, customer and vendor relations, planned purchasing coordination, and inventory management.

What is the salary of a storekeeper  in India?

The salary of the storekeeper in India ranges between 0.2 lakhs to Rs 5.5 lacs per annum with an average annual salary of Rs 2.2 lakhs per annum. The salary varies depending on different parameters like experience, qualification and job location. Some cities pay a higher salary than others. This number can also vary depending on the type of products and services provided by the store.

Here are a few of the companies employing storekeepers along with their salaries.

• Army Ordnance corps – Rs 6.7 lacs per annum
• Consolidated Contractor — Rs 6.1 lacs per annum
• Saudi Binladin Group — Rs5.3 lacs per annum.

• Indian Army — Rs 5.2 lakhs per annum.
• Dodsal Engineering & Construction — Rs 5.2 lacs per annum.

Here is the list of top paying industries for storekeeper in India

• Engineering & Construction – Rs 3.2 lacs per annum
• Real Estate – Rs 2.9 lakhs per annum
• Industrial Machinery – Rs 2.6 lakhs per annum
• Automobile – Rs 2.3 lakhs per annum

• Auto Components – Rs 2 lacs per annum.

Conclusion 

Most employers and companies look for a full-time storekeeper who is well organized with experience of a few years. He must be able to handle all stocks and inventory and must be able to ensure store maintenance. The ideal candidate for a Storekeeper job is the one who can multitask and possesses a learning aptitude. He must have robust organizational skills and strong attention to detail while remaining professional.

Storekeeping is a kind of a job where you remain behind the scenes. Yet it has its own merits. If you have got the above skills to become a storekeeper and the relevant education qualifications and experience, you deserve to become a storekeeper.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Let us try to know more about ourselves to understand if we are fit for the career as Sheet Metal Worker.

Do we like to work with our hands and machines? Are we physically fit? Like to work alone. Enjoy using precision tools. Able to create three-dimensional drawings. Is self-motivated and creative.

If you possess the above skills and qualities, then you are the right person for the career of Sheet Metal Worker.

What is Sheet Metal?

Sheet Metal is a thin steel, aluminium,  or other alloyed metal sheet with thickness of less than 6mm (about 0.24 in). Sheet metals are used for manufacturing and construction. Although sheet metal is commonly used for heating and conditioning systems, they are also used to make products such as rain gutters, outdoor signs, and siding.

Sheet metal plays an important role in the household, semi-commercial, commercial and industrial sectors.

What is a Sheet Metal Worker?

A sheet metal worker is a skilled worker who fabricate, assemble, install and repair sheet metal products. This includes everything from furnaces and ventilation systems to all sheet metal products like drainage and roofing applications used in the construction industry.

What does a Sheet Metal Worker do?

Sheet Metal workers are mostly employed at various construction sites, in metal shops, or at manufacturing plants. They are employed by sheet metal, air-conditioning, heating and roofing contractors. They can also be self-employed.

The sheet metal technician specializes in any aspect of sheet metal fabrication, installation, or maintenance but must possess knowledge and experience of all three areas.

Depending on their specialization, sheet metal worker job description includes the following.

• Manufacturing and installation of various metal products such as air and heat, sheet metal buildings and roofs.
• They must measure, mark and lay out metal sheets for specific jobs.
• They must be able to operate various computerized tools that precisely cut, bend or straighten the metal sheets.
• Polishing metal areas like rough surfaces or the seams and joints between two metal sheets.

• They must be able to weld different metal sheets together.
• They must be able to read and apply work specifications.

What are the types of Sheet Metal Workers? 

Here are a few examples of sheet metal workers near you.

• Fabrication sheet metal workers 

Fabrication or precision sheet metal workers make precision metal parts for various industries ranging from power generation to medical device manufacturing. They work in shops and factories, operating tools and equipment. They also work in large scale manufacturing where their work may be highly automated and repetitive. They are required to work with automotive machinery such as computer-controlled saws, lasers, shears, and presses, which measure, cut, bend, and fasten pieces of sheet metal. Workers also use computer-aided drafting and design (CADD) and building information modelling (BIM) systems to make products. Workers who primarily program computerized equipment are called metal and plastic workers.

• Installation sheet metal workers 

Sheet metal mechanics install heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts. They also install other sheet metal products like metal roofs, siding and gutters. They mostly work on new construction and renovation projects.

• Maintenance sheet metal workers 

These types of sheet metal workers repair and clean ventilation systems to make them more energy efficient. They remove dust and moisture and fix leaks or breaks in the sheet metal that makes up the ductwork.

• Testing and balancing sheet metal specialists 

These metal specialists make sure that HVAC systems heat and cool rooms properly by adjusting sheet metal ducts to achieve proper airflow.

Workplace of sheet metal workers 

 

Normally, the work duration of a sheet metal worker or sheet metalist  is about 40 hours (about 1 and a half days) per week. However, a small percentage of workers who are self-employed may work nights or weekends to complete time-sensitive projects on a construction site or inside a sheet metal shop.

Sheet metal working is labor-intensive. It means that workers are required to lift heavy materials and equipment. They have to keep standing for a long period of time, bend over, and sometimes crawl into small spaces to install products.

How can you become a Sheet metal worker? 

Sheet metal workers must have an interest in the building interest area. The building interest area focuses on working with tools and machines and making or fixing practical things. You can take a career test to decide whether you have building interest to fit you with a career as a sheet metal worker.

Skills Required for Metal Sheet Metals 

Here are the most important skills for a successful career as a metal sheet worker.

• Mechanical skills 

As a sheet metalist you will have to work with various tools such as saws, shears, pressers and lasers, which requires strong mechanical skills.

• Dexterity 

Good hand-eye coordination and motor skills are required for precise and safely cutting metal pieces by metal sheet welders.

• Computer skills 

Today most sheet metal technicians use computer aided draft and design (CADD) programs and building information manual (BIM) systems to design products and cut sheet metals.

• Mathematical skills 

Sheet metal fitters must be able to calculate exact sizes and angles for the sheets of different sizes and shapes to fit during installation.

• Physical strength and stamina 

Since most metal sheet workers are required to work in factories where they have to spend many hours standing up and lifting pieces of metal and equipment, they require strong physical strength and stamina.

 

Training and Certifications for Sheet metal workers 

Here are the steps for you to become a sheet metal worker.

Step 1: Graduate from a high school 

Although in India least education qualification for sheet metal workers is a high school degree. They must be proficient in subjects like algebra and geometry as well they should take vocational educational courses like mechanical drawing, welding and blueprint reading from some technical schools.  

Step 2: Join a sheet metal apprentice program 

After graduating high school, a sheet metal worker must take an apprentice program. Such programs include both classroom participation and practical on the job training, under the supervision of a senior sheet metal worker. The apprentices normally receive a stipend during the program. A typical apprentice program includes about 1700 to 2200 hours (about 3 months) of practical training and between 144 to 320 hours (about 2 weeks) of theoretical training. The students gain crucial sheet metal working skills, such as knowledge to read blueprints, building code requirements as well as first aid safety practices.  

Step 3: Get your licence and certifications 

In India you can get your training as well as your certification from vocational college like I.T.I. (Industrial Training Institute). The duration of the program in ITI is one year with two semesters of six months. The I.T.I .Program covers areas like fabrication, assembling, installing and repairing metal sheet products and equipment like ducts, control boxes, drainpipes, and furnishing castings. The students also learn to set up and operate fabricating machines to cut, bend, and straighten sheet metal. They also learn to inspect, assemble, and smoothen seams and joints of burred surfaces. The program is career oriented and opens many jobs for ITI Sheet Metal apprentices in the sheet metal industry once they get their certification from ITI.

Step 4: Look for jobs as sheet metal worker 

The candidates can now look for a job after completing their training and getting their certifications. Job boards and networking with people in the heating, cooling and air-conditioning industry are usually the most effective ways to find jobs in the field.

Sheet Metal apprentice syllabus in ITI 

Here is the syllabus of sheet metal workers in various ITI training centers in India is given below.

 

Sem. I
Sr. No.	Subjects of Study
	Trade Practical	Trade Theory
1	– Induction of training – Familiarization with the Institute, – Importance of trade in Training – Machines used in the trade. – Induction to safety devices used on the shop floor.	– General discipline in the institute – Elementary of First aid – Importance of sheet metal work in the industry. – General safety precautions – Safety precaution in sheet metal work
2	– Identification of Tools and equipment – Induction and use of marking tools. – Practice in Reading, Steel Rule, scribing of straight lines, bisecting straight lines (on the sheet metal) using marking tools.	– Metals and Non-Metals and their Characteristics, – Types, Sizes and uses of Sheet Metals as per BIS – use of reference table. – Raw material information: CRCA, HRCA & MS Material – Terms & definitions in sheet metal work
3	– Mark and cut through the straight lines – Planishing of Sheet Metal and Practice in drawing simple Geometrical shapes. – Practice in marking and cutting sheets to various angles.	– Marking and laying out tools and accessories – Measuring Tools: steel Rule, callipers, try square, L square, Micrometer, Vernier calliper, Vernier height gauge, Combination set, screw pitch gauge, radius gauge, SWG, Bevel Protractor etc. – Marking Tools: Scratch AWL, divider, Trammel point, punches etc – Cutting tools: Snips, shears, hacksaw, chisel, cutting plier, files, drills, tap & die sets etc.
4	– Practice cutting with different types of snips. – Tin snips (Straight cut, Right cut and Left cut) cutting off inside and outside curve, cutting off notches and cutting off profiles.	– Hand tools: mallets, hammer, sheet metal hammers, groovers, riveting tools, screw drivers, wrench and spanners etc. – Holding tools & accessories: vices, – C clamps, stakes, stakes holder, hollow mandrel, wooden former, Jigs & fixtures, soldering bits etc
5	Practice on Sheet Metal seams. “Grooved seam, Locked Grooved seam, Pane down seam, Bottom lock seam or Corner Fold (Knocked-up seam), Corner Clip Lock, Double Bottom Lock, Clip Lock (Cap Lock), snap Joint etc. (Folded Joints) and hemming practice	– Sheet Metal Folded Joints: Description of Sheet Metal Seam, Grooved seam, Locked Grooved seam, Paned down seam, knocked up seam inside and outside, cap strip seam, pits burg seam etc.
6	– Forming rectangular shapes using stakes. – Forming Cylindrical job using various stakes such as Hollow Mandrel, Hatchet Stake; Tin Man’s’ Anvil stake etc.	Folding and joining allowances, edge stiffing, wiring allowances and false wiring, types of notches in sheet metal.
7	Folding, Bending Sheet Metal to 90 degree using wooden mallet, ‘C’ clamps etc.	Definitions of pattern, Development, stretched out pattern, Master pattern (gross pattern) and templates
8	– Make a taper chute square to rectangle transition. – Make a taper chute square to round.	Development of surfaces: Triangulation method and geometrical construction methods
9	Making holes with solid punches, round punches as per BIS and use of hollow punches – Making a hole in sheet metal with the help of a wood block.	Solid and Hollow Punches. Description of hand punches as per BIS. Sizes of solid and hollow Punches and their uses.
10	– Riveting practice using various types of rivet heads. – Single chain riveted joint. Double chain and Zig- zag, Lap & butt riveted joints – Making a dustpan (Corner and handle riveted)	Rivets and its parts, Selection of Rivet heads. Types of Rivets and their uses. – Standard sizes of Rivets and Riveting Tools. – Calculation for Riveting allowances (pitch and Lap)
11	– Solder Lap joint – Single plated solder butt joint	– Fastening of Sheet Metal – Self taping screws, Clips and Connectors; Their uses, Types and Allowance of ‘S’ Clips, Government Clips, Drive Clips, Mailing Clips etc.
12	– Making an oil Can by hand process by soldering – Making funnel by soldering process	Solder, Different types of solder and their composition. Types and uses of fluxes, their effect on different metals.
13	Make by soldering: – Elbow 90° equal dia pipe T joint 90° equal dia pipe T joint 90° unequal dia pipe by soldering	Process of soft soldering, hard soldering (brazing). – Heating appliances (Hand Forge, Blow Lamp, L.P.G.)
14	Make by soldering T Pipe 60°branch joint unequal dia pipe Offset T joint equal dia	Development & layout pattern of elbow pipe, T pipe and offset pipe in equal diameter.
15	Make a taper lobster back bend 90 degree from oblique cone by soldering	– Development of T pipe, round equal and unequal. – Introduction to tubes and pipes.
16	Forming square section segmental quarter bend pipe with suitable lock and forming round section segmental quarter bend pipe	Laying out pattern of 600 off-set ‘T’ pipe. Pattern Development of ‘Y’ pipe.
17	Making a square duct elbow with snap block	Method of galvanising, tinning, anodizing, sherardizing and Electroplating.
18	Make a conical hopper by soldering	Development and laying out of pattern of segmental quarter bend pipe
19	Setting up of oxy-acetylene plant and types of flames	Need for ducting. Places where ducting is employed and the working principle of a dust cyclone, Gutter and its use. False ceiling
20	Setting up of Arc welding plant and striking & maintaining the arc & laying short beads	– Safety precaution in gas & arc welding – Description of Oxyacetylene plant and the equipment, accessories & tools
21	– Fusion run with/without filler rod in flat position. – Square butt joint in flat position by gas.	– Types of oxy-acetylene flames & its uses – Types and description of flux – Types of welding blow pipes.& its functions
22	Brazing copper sheet in lap joint in flat position	Various types of pipe joints. – Method of metal preparation & cleaning the base metal before welding. – Gas welding defects causes & remedies. – Arc welding defects causes & remedies.
	Project Work
Sem. II
	Trade Practical	Trade Theory
1	– Importance of machinery used in the trade. – Types of job done by the trainees in trade – Introduction to machinery safety including fire fighting equipment and their uses etc.	– Importance of trade in the development of the Industrial Economy of the Country. – review of Types of sheet metal Fabrication. – Methods of development.
2	– Locked groove joint by aluminium sheet – Single riveted lap joint by aluminium sheet. – Double strap single row riveted butt joint by aluminium sheet	– Introduction to aluminium fabrication, and its applications. – Ferrous and Non-Ferrous metals. use of Copper and Alloys. – Laying out the pattern of conical elbows. Pattern development of lobster back bend
3	– Exercise involving practical work on aluminium Sheet and using Pop Rivet. – aluminium Windows with. Different extruded sections, aluminium Soldering.	– Brief Description of hand punch machine. Hand and Power operated drilling Machines. Drill Bits, parts and effects of cutting angles.
4	– Making holes in sheet metal using a Punching Machine. – Making holes in sheets with a twist drill.	– Description of the swaging and beading machine, its parts, operating principles etc. – Description of Fly Ball press. Operating Principles of Power Press and press brakes.
5	– Practice on hollowing and rising on nonferrous sheets as well as ferrous sheet. – Practice removing dents of spherical or hemi-spherical articles using a wheeling and raising machine. (Repairing mud guards etc.)	– Properties of stainless steel and its uses. – Properties and uses of tin, lead, zinc and silver. – Description and Physical properties of Muntz Metal, Gun Metal, White Metal etc.
6	– Practice pipe bending by hand. Pipe bending using Hydraulic Pipe bending’ machine – Development of a cone: Cylinder fitted to a cone. Equal dia pipe joint with crimping and Ogee beading.	– Introduction to pipe/tube bending. – Brief description of Hydraulic pipe bending machine. Operating Principles etc. – Description of roll forming machine types and operating principles, description of slip roll forming machine and its function
7	– Practice external threading using “Die stock”. – Practice on internal threading using taps	– use of Die and Die Holder, Description of taps and tap wrench.
8	– Project work such as Steel Stool, aluminium Ladder etc. – Metal Spinning: Making a cylindrical medicine container of aluminium Sheet	– Method to operate the folding/brake folder for typical folding. – Description and use of jigs and fixtures
9	– Making a Copper article by using a power press and also making brass and stainless-steel articles. – Practice of Buffing and polishing	– Definition of Planishing and its application. Brief description of the polishing machine. Various types of bobs and polishing compounds
10	– Angle iron bending in different angles and different radii. Twisting the M.S. square rod and flats.	Operating principles of spinning lathe. Description of spinning
11	Gas welding square butt joint on M.S. sheet in down hand position. Fillet Tee & Lap joint on M.S sheet in down hand position.	Different processes of metal joining types of weld joint & weld positions. oxy-acetylene welding equipment & application, Types of flame & their uses
12	– Pipe butt joint in down hand position – Butt joint on MS flat in down hand position by arc	– Principle of arc welding. Types of welding machines and their uses. Advantages a
13	– Resistance welding. Spot welding, seam welding.	Principle of resistance welding. Types and applications. Welding symbols
14	CO2 welding. Deposit bead on MS sheet in flat position. Lap joint T joint and butt joint in down hand position.	– Introduction to the CO2 welding process. Welding equipment and accessories. Advantages and application of CO2 process.
15	TIG welding. Deposit bead on SS sheet in flat position. Making butt, Tee and corner joints.	TIG welding process. Advantages. Description of equipment. Types of polarity and application
16	– TIG welding. Deposit bead on Aluminium sheet in flat position. Making butt, Tee and corner joints.	– Types of Tungsten Electrodes, Filler rods, Shielding Gases. – Defects, causes and remedy in TIG welding process
17	MS/SS pipe butt and Y joint by TIG welding process.	– Latest sheet metal cutting techniques: Plasma cutting, Laser cutting, water jet cutting and punching etc.
18	Make models of aluminium sliding windows and doors.	Specification of aluminium channels angles, strips, tubes beading, packing rubber, cardboard, glasses etc.
19	Partitions of mini model rooms by using aluminium channels beading etc.	– Tools and equipment used in aluminium fabrication. – Assembly & Sub assembly: Guarding assembly, Door assembly, Chassis assembly, Cabinet assembly, Power pack assembly etc.
20	Electrical Panel, trunk boxes & ducts fabrication and Painting	– Process of painting. Spray painting. Etch primer painting, Powder coating, buffing, grinding, and sanding. – Selection of different grit sizes
21	Any Special Exercises: Repairing Mudguard and Radiators and testing of Sheet metal containers	Types of Radiators and construction of Radiators, Mufflers, Estimation of work
22	Any Special Exercises: Repairing Blocked Silencer and fuel tank	– Material handling: handling of light, medium and heavy materials. – use of cranes and types. – Estimation and costing
	Project Wok

 

 ITI colleges offering sheet metal programs  

• Boys Town Industrial Training center, Hyderabad

• Shree Vinayaka Industrial Training Institute, Kolar
• Gyan Jyoti Shikshan Sansthan,, Alwar
• All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society’s Industrial Training Institute (AISSMS), Pune

 

Why should you become a Sheet Metal worker?

The employment of sheet metal workers like any other construction workers, is sensitive to fluctuation in the economy. Sometimes they may face unemployment due to the fall in construction. And other times there may be a shortage of sheet metal workers due to the increased demand for them.

 Indian sheet metal fabrication Industry trends 

The Indian sheet metal fabrication market is fragmented in nature, with the presence of many small and medium sized companies and EPC companies. The rise in demand of goods and services across various sectors in India coupled with the entry of global manufacturing companies to India due to low cost in setting up plants in India and China has led to the sharp growth in the Indian manufacturing sector.

The Indian manufacturing sector is expected to register a growth of more than six times the current value, by 2025, to USD 1 trillion. The growth in the manufacturing sector, in turn, is likely to increase the number of manufacturing facilities in India which has resulted in the increase of growth rate of the Indian Fabrication industry leading to greater employment.

Despite the pandemic which has led to the dent in the growth of Indian fabrication industry, the industry is anticipated to register a CAGR of greater than 5% during the forecast period.

The top players in Indian fabrication industry are

• Salasar Techno Engineering Ltd.
• Kirby Building Systems

• Zamil Industrial Investment Co.
• Karamtara Engineering Pvt Ltd.
• ISGEC Heavy Engineering Ltd.

 

Job Outlook 

The employment of sheet metal workers is projected to grow 8% from 2018 to 2028 in India which is faster than the growth rate of other occupations.

The employment growth in this occupation reflects the expected number of industrial, commercial, and residential structures that will be built over the projection decade. It also reflects the continuing need to install and maintain energy-efficient air-conditioning, heating, and ventilation systems in the existing buildings.

Here is the Employment projections data for Sheet Metal Workers in the United States, 2021-31

Occupational Title	Employment, 2021	Projected Employment, 2031	Change, 2021-31
			Percent	Numeric
Sheet metal workers	129,100	128,100	-1	-1,000

 

How much does a sheet metal worker make? 

The average salary of a sheet metal worker in India is Rs 200,000 per year. In the United States a sheet metal worker earns $64,027 per year. The sheet metal apprentice salary is usually less than the full-time sheet metal worker.

Here is the list of top paying companies for sheet metal workers in India.

• Tata Motors – Rs 1,80,000 per year.

• Godrej& Boyce – Rs 60,000 per year.

The top paying industry for sheet metal workers in India is given below.

• Defense & Aerospace – Rs 310,000 per year
• Industrial Machinery – Rs2,00,000 per year

• Auto Components — Rs1,80,000 per year
• Automobile —   Rs 160,000 per year
• FMCG — Rs 60,000 per year

Conclusion

The life of a metal sheet worker is very rough and tough. So, you must be mentally and physically prepared to work like that in case you want to start your career as a metal sheet worker.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The history of all nations, great or small, has grown from ancient civilization ranging from a few hundreds to thousands of years. The information is stored in the form of ancient manuscripts, records, inscriptions, documents and more recently in computer data chips. These unique records are preserved and restored. They help us to understand the history, culture or evidence of a particular region or society. The person who keeps and maintains these records is called an Archivist. 

The archivist handles these records in a proper manner and procures them from the vast collection required in the future. This profession has gained ground in the recent past as things are changing very fast. This has become a rewarding and promising career for those of us who have a flair and desire to know and preserve our history. As the work of an Archivist can affect the present and future of generations to come, thus a great importance is attached to the job. 

What are Archival records or Archives? 

 

Every place and person has a history which is embedded in thousands of manuscripts, records, inscriptions, documents, etc. These records are unique and are scientifically preserved and restored. They help us to understand the history of a particular region, society or person. They provide evidence for legal purposes, ownership rights, demonstrate how organizations operate and lifestyles of people etc. These records are called Archival Records or Archives. 

In short Archives or the Archival Record is the storehouse of historical records/documents and the physical places where they are located. They consist of records that have been selected for permanent or long-term preservation on the ground of their enduring cultural, historical or evidentiary value. 

Archives consist of three elements namely: 

• Historical Record Collections 

These include a group of records like papers, documents, files, photographs, books, papers, letters, maps, video recordings, plans, sound recordings etc.  

• Repositories (Physical facilities) 

 Here archives refer to a physical location or a facility like building where archives are located.   

• Organizations 

Archives may also mean an organization, program or an agency that is responsible for managing and preserving historical records. 

People from different professions like lawyers, scholars, genealogists, historians, biographers, independent writers, students, filmmakers, and many others refer to these archives in their work. 

What is Archival Science? 

Archival Science is the study and practice of organizing, preserving, and providing access to information and access to information and materials in archives.  

Who is an Archivist? 

An Archivist is a professional who assesses, collects, organizes, preserves, maintains, and provides access to these records and archives that have long term value. His job is to see that these records that consist of a variety of forms that includes letters, dairies, logs, personal documents, government documents, sound and/or picture recordings, digital files or other physical objects are well maintained. 

Thus, an archivist keeps records that have enduring value as reliable memories of the past, and they help people find and understand the information they need in these records. 

The theory and scholarly works underpinning archives practices is called archival science. Archival science teaches archivists to determine what records have enduring value. The records are to be selected to justify the costs of storage and preservation plus the labor-intensive expenses of arrangement, description and reference service.  

Duties and Responsibilities of an Archivist

The duty of an Archivist includes acquiring and appraising new collections, arranging and describing records, providing reference service, and providing reference service, and preserving materials. 

He must apply two important principles while arranging records. These are 

• Provenance 
• Original Order 

Provenance refers to the creation of records, Here the different records are kept separately to maintain context. Many entities create records, including governments, businesses, universities, and Individuals.  

Original order is applied by keeping records in their order as established and maintained by the creators. 

Both are closely related to the concept of respect des fonds, which states that records from one corporate body should not be mixed with records from another. 

Also, there are two aspects to arrangement: 

• Intellectual 
• Physical 

He process the records physically by placing them in acid-free folders and boxes to ensure their long-term survival. They also process the records intellectually, by determining the content of the records, how they are organized, and what if any finding aids need to be created. 

Both these aspects follow the principle of original order. 

An Archivists’ work encompasses a range of ethical decisions that may be thought of as falling into three broad and intertwined areas. 

• Professional 
• Legal requirement 
• Accountability to society 

He is guided by the code of ethics while negotiating the ethical conflicts in their work. The International Council of Archives adopted the code of ethics in 1996.  

A brief history 

The word ‘archive’ is derived from a Greek word “Arkheia” meaning public office or town hall meaning public office or town hall in which important documents or files are kept under the authority of “Archon”, a title referred to a specific public office. 

Jacob von Rammingen manuals of year 1571 and Baldassarre Bonifacio’s De Archives libris singularis of 1632 were the first predecessors of archival science. 

The French archivist Gabriel Richou published the first western text on archival theory, named “Traite’ theorique et pratique des archives publiques “(Treaty of Theory and Practice of the Public Archives) in which he systemized the archival theory of the respect des fonds. 

In 1898, three Dutch archivists, Samuel Muller, Johan Feith, and Robert Fruin, published the Handleiding Manual voor het ordenen en beschrijven van archieven(Manual of the Arrangement and Description of Archives). 

In 1956, T.R. Schellenberg, also known as the “Father of American Archival Appraisal”, published Modern Archives.  

In 1972, Ernst Posner published Archives in the Western World. He was referred to as the Dean of American Archivists due to his contribution to the developments of American Archival theory and practice. 

Today archivists are taking advantage of Web 2 technologies on the Internet such as blogs,wikis as well as open access and open-source philosophies. Some of them operate public libraries that are accessible on the internet.  

The most comprehensive public archive on the internet is Internet Archive which provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications, games, images and games. As of April 2021, the Internet archive holds over 30 million books and texts, 8.9 million movies and TV shows, 646,000 software programs,13,224,000 audio files,3.8 million images, and 580 billion web pages.   

What are the Archivist Job Requirements? 

 

As with any other profession one should have to fulfil minimum eligibility conditions to enter an archivist career path. Also, you must have some basic skills in case you want to become one. 

Skills required to become an Archivist 

Here are few of the basic skills that are required by you as an Archivist 

• Good Communication skills 
• Analytical and research skills 
• An eye on detail 
• Problem solving skills 
• Organizational ability 
• Time management 
• Complex problem solving 
• Ability to Multitask 

Besides the above skills you must also have minimum archivist qualifications.  

You must have cleared your high school I.e.; 12th class with a minimum mark of 45% to 50%. 

After your high school you must have a graduation or an archivist master’s degree in one or more of the subjects like history, art history, anthropology, archeology, Latin, English literature, public administration, politics, law or economics. 

A post-graduation degree in library and information studies, museum, gallery and archives management and information management are essential to get into this field. 

You can even go for higher studies (PhD) after undergoing any one of the above-mentioned courses. Or you can opt for a job in various private and public sectors involved in this field. 

Some institutes or colleges in India offer a certificate or diploma courses in Archival science. A few of these courses are given below which you can click on to take you to the relevant websites.  

Entrance exams  

Some universities and colleges require entrance scores which the candidates are expected to qualify for the respective entrance exams like DUET, JNUEE, IPU CET etc. 

How to apply for the Exam? 

First you must visit the official college website and understand the admission procedure of the respective institute or college. 

Apply for the exam by filling in the registration form, attaching the necessary documents and paying the entrance exam fees. 

Some institutes in India offer certificate and diploma courses in Archival science. These courses help students gain knowledge of basic archival theory, method or practice of appraisal that includes record management, aspects of library and information science management, and historical and research methods.  

The School of Archival Studies set up in 1976 is one of the most prestigious archival institutes in India. The institute was established to meet the demand for trained custodians of archival and library wealth. 

 A few of these courses along with the colleges given below are listed below. 

• B.A. Archival Science  
• Certificate Course in Archives Management 
• Certificate Course in Care and Conservation of Books, Manuscripts and Archives 
• Diploma in Archives and Documentation 
• Diploma in Archives and Records Management  
• M.Phil Archival Science 
• P.G. Diploma in Archival Studies and Museology  
• Post Graduate Certificate Course in Archives 
• Post Graduate Diploma in Archival Science and Manuscriptology  
• Post Graduate Diploma in Archival Studies 
• Post Graduate Diploma in Archives, Documentation and Management  

How can you become an Archivist Abroad? 

Many of us in India can pursue courses in Archival science abroad. The top destinations to pursue Archivist courses abroad are the USA, UK and Canada. However, there are other countries also where one can pursue one’s education also.

Australia 

The Australian Society of Archivists is the professional body for Archivists. It is responsible for the accreditation of various university courses. Archival courses are offered by following universities in Australia. 

• Curtin University 
• Charles Sturt University 
• Monash University 
• University of South Australia

Brazil 

A few of the colleges that offer courses in archival science are given below. 

• Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) 
• The Federal university of Espírito Santo (UFES) 
• Federal Universities of Amazonas (UFAM) 

Canada 

Here is a list of few of the best colleges to pursue archival courses in Canada. 

• University of British Columbia 
• University of Alberta 
• Western University 
• University of Manitoba 
• McGill University 
• Dalhousie University 

France 

The oldest Archivist school in France is the ECOL des Chartes, founded in 1821.It offered a diploma in “Archivist-Paleography”. Other universities that offer archival courses are given below. 

• University of Angers 
• Jean Moulin University, Lyon 
• Versailles Saint-Quentin-en Yvelines University  

New Zealand 

The university offering Archival courses in New Zealand is Victoria University of Wellington. The open polytechnic of New Zealand has undergraduate courses in archives management. 

United Kingdom 

The universities offering courses in Archival science are given below. 

• University college, London 
• Aberystwyth University 
• Manchester Metropolitan University 
• University of Glasgow 
• University of Liverpool 
• Manchester Metropolitan University 
• University of Strathclyde  

United States 

Here are a few of the top colleges in the USA where you can pursue archival courses. 

• University of Arizona 
• University of North Texas 
• Clarion University of Pennsylvania  
• Emporia State University 

• University of Wisconsin 
• The city university of New York 
• Indiana University, Bloomington

The Scope of Archivist Career

 

After completing your graduation in archival studies, you can work as an archivist in the corporate sector handling any kind of data. Today there is great demand for trained and qualified archivists with proficiency in handling and maintaining records and manuscripts of national and historical importance. 

You can find many archivist job openings in archival units of many organizations like museums, government agencies, colleges, and universities, industrial and commercial firms, hospitals, historical societies, charities, corporations and various other institutions whose records are valuable to researchers, exhibitors, genealogist, or others who can benefit from these materials. 

Those who want to apply in government sectors may be required to pass examinations conducted by the Union Public Service commission or Staff selection commission. National Archives of India which manages all the important documents and archives of the nation offer various job opportunities to deserving candidates. Indian Council for Historical Research also appoints candidates to various posts like Archivists, Assistant Archivists, Director of Archives, Assistant Director of Archives for Records and Publication and Keeper of Records. 

Those with  PhD degree are offered positions in educational institutes with faculty status. 

Even though there are only limited opportunities in the field of archives one can get jobs in other fields like libraries, manuscript repositories, special collections, records management agencies etc. 

Job Profile of an Archivist  

 

An Archivist can specialize in their work and be a Film Archivist, Reference Archivist, Photographic Archivist, Appraisal Archivist, Digital Archivist, Manuscript Archivist, Museum Archivist, etc. 

Here are a few of the archivist job profiles of an archivist. 

• Film Archivist 

Film  or motion picture archivist work for large film studios, universities or private individuals and foundations. They are responsible for organizing, preserving and maintaining film collections for a particular group or agency. The archive collection may include a collection of film reels, videotapes, DVDs, CDs, various forms of digitally transferred films, scripts, production schedules, still pictures and any other movie- related media. 

• Reference Archivist 

Reference archivists are responsible for documentation, recording information in written or electronic/magnetic form and for obtaining information from all relevant sources. They help archive patrons navigate information retrieval systems and provide necessary tools, like finding guides or online searching. The duty of reference archivist is to organize, prepare and preserve archival records, documents and objects, copying records to film, video tape, audiotape, disk or computer formats. 

• Photographic Archivist 

Photographic archivists preserve, organize and archive photographs. Their task is to prepare and arrange their collections for exhibition, communicate with potential donors regarding acquisitions and sometimes publish research findings. Photographic Archivists are employed in museums, libraries, history centres, research institutions, universities, public and private collections and auction houses.  

• Appraisal Archivist 

The appraisal archivist is responsible for examining and determining the value of records and other documents. The appraisal decisions are dependent on several factors like records provenance and content, their authenticity and reliability, their order and completeness, their condition and cost to preserve them and their intrinsic value.  

How much do an Archivist earn? 

The salary packages offered to archivists are largely based on the nature of the employers. As a fresher you can earn a starting salary ranging from Rs 10,000 to Rs 15,000 per month. He can earn up to Rs 20,000 per month after gaining experience and qualifications. 

You can work as assistant archivist at the entry level of archive jobs in the universities and institutes range from Rs 15,000 to Rs 20,000 per month.  

The pay scale of an Assistant Archivist(general), for the office of Director General. Archeological Survey of India from Rs 30,000 to Rs35,000. A chief archivist in the Reserve Bank of India earns a starting basic salary of Rs35,000 per month. They are also eligible for dearness allowance, local allowance, house allowance, family allowance, grade allowance as per rules in force from time to time. 

Conclusion 

Being an Archivist is now considered a rewarding and challenging career for those of you who have flair and desire to understand and preserve our past treasures. Great importance is attached to this as his work can affect the present and the future generation. 

In case you have made up a choice to pursue a career as an archivist, you will have to take a lot of hard work and persistence to get the position you desire. You must be eager and have relevant abilities and attitude to be well organized before enrolling in the archivist course. Making right decision and selecting topic and degrees will help you achieve your objective, 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

We are all travellers which may be out for fun or at work. We have to plan our visit to our destination in advance to make it more comfortable. We must book our tickets in advance to reserve a seat which must be available. Previously we used to go to the airport or station to book our tickets. Now thanks to the Airline Ticketing Agent,  we can book our tickets and plan our visit on the phone or online on the computer.

What is a Ticketing Agent?

The people who are responsible for making and confirming travel arrangements for passengers are called Ticketing Agents. They are employed by railroads, airlines, bus companies and cruise lines. Their day-to-day tasks include selling tickets in terminals, planning routes using computers and manuals and calculating ticket costs. They also handle key operations such as data operations, data entry, payment collect, and verification. 

What does the Ticketing Agent do?

The role and responsibilities of a ticketing agent are very straightforward. They are expected to follow the instructions from higher authorities and undertaking.

The work profile of a ticketing agent is identified with the hospitality sector. They are often needed to work on several projects in the activities branch of travel services. They are always recruited by the travel services and private careers where they are accountable for taking care of gear and things and registration of clients.

 

Types of Ticketing Agent

Ticketing agents are mainly classified into four types. These are listed below.

·      Airline Ticket Agent

Airline Ticket agents are hired by airlines where they are required to work in airport terminals. Their role is to sell tickets to passengers and assist passengers desiring a different flight. The ticketing agents are expected to solve any issue when complaints are received from the customers. 

·       Movie Theater Ticket Agent

Movie theatre ticket agents sell tickets in show corridors and cinema halls to the public. People approach the ticket counter or stall, pay for their tickets and enter.

·       Bus Ticket Agent

Both Public and Private transport like bus and Taxi services employ ticketing agents to provide information of the cost estimates, book charges, and exhort travelers about gear and transport rules. Agents work with the help of a phone or computer.

·       Railway Ticketing Agent

Railway ticketing agents are required to book IRCTC e- tickets. The agents can give any number of approved tickets and get hefty commission on the ticket booking.

 

What is an Airline Ticketing Agent job description?

The airline  ticketing agent has the responsibility toward his employer by keeping his customer happy and satisfied. Here are few of the responsibilities that an Airline ticketing agent must ensure to maintain his customer.

1.     Customer service

The airline ticket agent must manage customer service issues including negotiations, conflict resolution and client safety to maintain and retain their customers. They must be considerate and professional when dealing with customers. 

2.     Safety Procedures

The airline ticketing agent must be fully informed about the safety procedure in the airport and guide their customers thoroughly to prevent any inconvenience. They must be able to work in compliance with all airline safety procedures including passenger identification verification and secure baggage handling.

3.     Airline Tickets

An Airline ticketing agent must be able to perform airline ticketing using Kiosk System for passengers needing airline tickets and boarding passes. They must be able to process voided airline tickets and refunds. They must be able to book and sell all airline tickets and must be able to upgrade customers to a different class of in-flight service, assisting departing passengers.

4.     Ticket Sales

An airline ticket agent must be able to reconcile daily ticket sales reports and monthly ticket inventory. They must check ticket sales and reservation charts on the computer. They must be able to promote sales, quote fares to customers, recalculate their fares and reissue tickets.

5.     Payment Collection

As Airline ticketing agent you must collect payment from the customers. You can help the customers by assisting them in making payment through different modes like cash, credit cards, debit card or UPI.

6.     Public Address Systems

An airline ticket agent must be able to operate a public address system for announcements and paging of customers.They must be able to announce arrival and departure information of all flights using a public address system.

7.     TSA

An airline ticketing agent must be able to work closely with and be able to maintain professional relationships with other airline carriers and government agencies like security and customs. They must be able to assist passengers with interactions among various agencies including TSA, Customs, immigration, and airport authorities.They must be able to resolve passengers’ query on luggage content, weight, and safety precautions based on airport safety regulations.

8.     Special Assistance

The airline ticketing agent must be able to assist passengers with special requests and assistance. They must provide special assistance to disable passengers and personally escort unaccompanied minors.

9.     Seat Assignments

It is the duty of the airline ticketing agent to examine passengers’ documentation to determine required service, seat arrangement and travel preferences.He must designate seating assignments according to passengers’ specific needs. He must evaluate and prepare flights by arranging seat assignments and load, coordinate special meals and upgrades.

10. Service Requirements

An airline ticket agent must confer with customers to determine their service requirements and travel preferences.

11. Communication

An airline ticketing agent must be able to utilise effective communication and customer relation skills to address baggage incidents and produce positive outcomes for angry and upset passengers. Hey must be able to demonstrate effective communication skills and possess a welcoming and positive attitude.

12. Travel Agents

An airline ticketing agent must provide assistance to travel agents for making reservations and advise them of travel. They must help the travel agents by computing fares for both simple and extensive itineraries. They must develop training plans and train travel agents on airline reservation systems.They must provide quality control and support for internal travel agents and provide information of all airline initiatives and promotions to travel agents to generate return business. 

How to become an airline ticketing agent?

Not everyone can become a ticketing agent. You must have an interest in the field of ticketing to become an airline ticketing agent. The candidates must meet a few of the perquisite skills to become an airline ticketing agent. Here are a few of them.

•         Communication skills and a clear voice
•   Critical Thinking
•   Strong Intellectual ability
•   Attention to detailing
•   Enthusiastic
•    Proofreading
•   Analytical skills
•   Typing ability
•   Problem solving
•   Calm personality in stressful situations
•   Good presentation skills
•   Proficiency in using computers
•   Good listening ability

 

Besides these skills you must also possess a few academic qualifications and undergo training to become an airline ticketing agent. 

Airline ticket airline job Qualifications

To become an airline ticketing agent, you must have a minimum high school certificate (Class 10th). Diploma courses are also available to students who want to take up this job. Here are the basic requirements you must have to become an airline ticket agent.

•       Candidates must have at least completed class 10th
•       You must be at least 18 years of age
•       You must possess a diploma in airline ticketing
•       Diploma in Travel and Tour management
•       Diploma in International Travel, Tourism and Hospitality management

 

Most of the students must possess 12 class degree with a minimum 50% percentage to take up any of these diploma courses. They should graduate in courses like B.BA in Travel management or B.Com in accountancy. 

What is an Airline Ticketing Course?

 

The Airline Ticketing agent course is a specialised course under travel and hospitality field. This course is a job-oriented course to make your career stable. The airline ticketing course provides a comprehensive knowledge and skills to the students in air management, travel management, and ticketing process along with professional ticketing. Students who are looking for job-oriented courses after the 12th can take airline ticketing courses as an effective option. The course duration ranges from 4/6 months to one year duration. 

What is the course curriculum for Fares and Ticketing Course?

The course curriculum of Fares and Ticketing courses may vary from college to college. Some of the topics taught in the colleges with Diploma in Fares and Ticketing courses are given below.

 

Course	Syllabus
Diploma in International Travel Reservations	·       VA Fare & Ticketing QCF ·       Certificate in VA Earth ·       Certificate in the Sabre System
Advanced Diploma in Air Travel Management & CRS	·       IATA – UFTAA – ICAO ·       Airlines & Travel Agency ·       Travel and Tourism Industry ·       Geography in Travel Planning ·       Air Travel Formalities & Products ·       Technology in the Air Travel Industry ·       Computer Reservation System ·       Air Fares and Ticketing
Diploma in Travel Tourism and Airport Handling	·       Tourism ·       Ticketing ·       Airport Handling ·       French Language ·       Hospitality ·       Personality Development ·       Communication ·       Computer Reservation System (Galileo)
Certificate in Air Ticketing & Travel Management	·       Air Ticketing ·       Common Aviation ·       Travel & Tourism
Diploma in Airline Ticketing	·       Ticketing Policies and Procedures ·       Fare Construction Rules and Police ·       Passports & VISA ·       Elementary & Location Geography ·       Airlines & Airport Codes ·       Time Zones ·       Air Ticketing & Reservations ·       Tourist Accommodation ·       All Travel Requirement and Ticketing Formalities ·       Travel Sales ·       Customer Service ·       Refund and Cancellation Policy
Diploma in Airport Ground Handling Training	·       Grooming & Personality Development ·       Communication skills ·       Guest Relation and PR Techniques ·       Aviation History & Ground Handling ·       Activities performed at Airport ·       Airport facilities & Services ·       Airport Announcement ·       Ramp Management ·       Safety Awareness
Certificate in Air Fare and Ticketing	·       Grooming & Personality Development ·       Communication skills ·       Airfare & Ticketing ·       Airline Geography ·       Time Differences
Air Fares Ticketing and Global Distribution Systems Fares & Ticketing (Galileo)	·       Travel Agency Operations ·       IATA Areas ·       World Geography and City Codes ·       Itinerary Planning ·       World Time Zones & Elapsed Travel Time ·       Airlines Languages and Travel Terminology ·       Anatomy of Journey and Mileage System ·       Documentation and Ticketing ·       Transportation and Accommodation ·       Personality Grooming and GDS ( Galileo)
Diploma in Travel, Tourism and Ticketing	·       Ticketing Studies ·       Domestic Ticketing ·       International Ticketing ·       Travel Agency Operation ·       Destinations In India & The World ·       Regional Transport & Accommodation System ·       World Transport & Accommodation ·       Computer Applications ·       Tour Operations ·       Tourism Organization ·       Business Correspondence & Computer Applications ·       Emporiatrics ·       Sustainable Tourism ·       Business French ·       Tourism Marketing ·       Sales Promotion ·       Marketing Management ·       Research & Analysis
Certificate in Fares & Ticketing	·       IATA geographical areas & Global Routing Indicator ·       Interpret various airline coding ·       Differing fare types & their characteristics ·       Lowest applicable fare with ref. to fare rules ·       Application of principle of the mileage system ·       Application of NUCs and the IATA Rates of Exchange ·       Identify all automated tickets, ATBs and OPTAT/ TAT ·       Interpret all MPDs/ MCOs

 

World’s Top Colleges offering Airline Ticketing agent Course

 

There are several colleges/universities all over the world offering Air Ticketing courses. Here is a list of some of the top universities offering this course.

·    University College, Birmingham

The University college, Birmingham is one of the leading universities and is best known for its aviation courses. The university offers bachelors in airport management where students can learn about airport administration and management.

 

·  Western Michigan University

The College of Aviation, Western Michigan University offers a wide range of aviation programs. The aviation course is designed for students who are interested in management and administrative fields. The college provides practical training to students in a real environment for better learning and understanding.

 

·       RMIT University

The University provides bachelors of applied science in aviation which provides students with airport management and aviation skills.The students are equipped with skills like airline development and structure to understand the concept better.

 

·       University of Central Missouri

The University offers bachelors in airport management. The course is designed to equip students with essential skills like airport management and staff handling.

 

·       Cypress college

The Department of Aviation & Travel Employment has been helping students in gaining placements in all major airlines and travel companies around the world since 1967.

 

Top Institutions offering Air Ticketing Course in India

Airline Ticketing agent training is also offered by several colleges/universities in India. Here is a list of some Top Institutions in India that offer this course:

1. The Tourism School, Mumbai
2. Airborne Air hostess Academy, Delhi
3. YMCA, Pune
4. India Travel and Tourism Institute, Mumbai
5. SkyLark Institute, New Delhi
6. Blue Whale Academy, Mumbai
7. Meridian Institute, Bangalore
8. Orient Flights, Chennai
9. NVS Institute, Madurai
10.     IGIA India, Delhi

 

The Scope of Airline Ticketing Course

With the Indian travel and tourism industry making an exponential growth in recent years, this industry has become a promising sector for generating jobs every year. The Tourist traffic gas to India has grown by a whopping 16% making the Indian International airports turn into the world’s busiest airports.

With this high rate of growth in tourist traffic, the industry requires skilled professionals in all areas of travel and tourism such as airline careering, laundry services, guides, interpreters, tourism promotion, sales and so on.

Ticketing and reservation are an important part of the aviation industry. A ticketing agent is the first person whom the passenger meets and interacts before boarding a flight.

Career prospects and salary package

Once you have completed your airline ticketing training program you can work with the airlines, travel agencies, cruise ships, Hotels, and resorts. You can rise up to the level of tour manager after gaining relevant experience in the industry. Also you can start your own air ticket booking agency if you have entrepreneurship knack in you.

Some of the top recruiters of the airline ticketing agents include.

•   Airline Operators
•   Airports and airport management
•   Travel & Tourism companies
•   Travel consultancies
•   Tour management companies
•   Hotels and Resorts

 

Here are top recruiting companies for airline agents.

•   Airlines hiring ticketing agents like Indigo, Spice jet Emirates, Air India etc.
•   Book my show
•   Make My Trip
•   Go Ibibo
•   Red Bus
•   Yatra.com
•   IRCTC
•   Other state tour and travel organisations.

 

A fresher can start with Rs 7000 to Rs 9000 per month. After gaining experience in the field, one can earn up to Rs 15,000 to Rs 18,000 per month.

 

Conclusion

Do you have passion and fascination for the aviation industry and dreamt about having a successful career in this field? There are a number of opportunities to  pursue in the ground roles at an airport to fly in the air.

The service industry in the world, especially in India is undergoing unprecedented growth. Air ticketing is no exception. Airline ticketing agents cater to the increasing mobile population of the world. The airline ticketing professionals have excellent career prospects in India also. Air ticketing jobs are one of the most sought  after jobs for you to grow in the industry.

 

 

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We all love to watch movies in our Television or theatre. We all have our Star idols whom we adore and worship. They are our role models. I have seen many of my friend who mimic and ape their favourite movie and TV stars like Salman Khan, Amir Khan, Shahrukh Khan, Akshay Kumar, Ranbir Kapoor, Deepika Padukone,Madhuri Dixit, Alia Bhat, Ronit Roy, Hina Khan, Karan Patel, Siddharth Shukla and many more of our times. We read about them and their lifestyles, their sexual escapades in film magazines and more recently in social media.

But how many of us have ever thought about becoming an actor or actress? Very few of us have dreamt about becoming one or taking an acting career.

Most of us have a wrong notion about these stars. We think that becoming an actor requires just acting and memorizing dialogues. But there is a lot more than that to succeed in this field. Let us discover the skills and career path on how to become an actor and its scope.

What is an Actor?

Actor is derived from a Latin word “Agere” which means “to do”. In modern parlance the word Actor stands for a participant in an action or process or a person whose profession is acting on stage, in films or on television.

An actor or actress is a person who interprets and portrays a character in a performance be it on stage, T.V. or in a movie with the sole motive of entertaining the audience. An actor works in different environments like theme works, production studios,theatres, or at a specific filming location.  Acting is defined as an art of performing which includes movement, gesture, and intonation that are used to realize a fictional or real character for the stage, motion pictures or the television.

How to become an Actor?

To become an actor, you have to polish a few talents and understand their strengths. You must have the qualities or skills to become an actor. There are numerous acting courses to become an actor where a lot of acting aspirants can embark on the journey to become an actor in India.

If you are thinking about choosing your career path to become a professional actor in film and television then here are the steps to become an actor.

Step 1 — Get proper training 

Acting is a talent that most people possess since their birth. However, training is essential for every aspiring actor. You can train yourselves as early as in your school days by taking part in school plays and drama club. You can even join acting studios outside the school to fulfill your passion.

Also, one can get a degree or diploma in acting which can help them in their acting career. However, it is not an essential requirement since acting is recognized by talent and not by degree. Still getting a BFA or MFA degree helps.

Step 2 – Know the Business 

Being a successful actor is like running a successful business. In fact, most of your day-to-day work will be on the business side of things, not the acting side. You will be managing your daily affairs like a CEO of a company. Your every casting decision will be a business decision. The more you know about how the industry works the more you understand your place in the industry as an actor.

Step 3- Start building your Network 

In the film Industry your entire career is built on what kind of relationships you have in the industry. It depends on the kind of relationships you have with your team, with your casting, with other actors, with directors, with producers, with crew members, etc. The chances of you getting a role in the films not only depends on who you know but also who your contacts know.

Step 4 – Get Professional Headshots 

The first thing that anyone in the film industry sees in your casting profile is your Headshot. It is the actor’s most important marketing tool in the industry. Therefore, you must hire a professional headshot photographer to make a good first impression.

Step 5 – Create your casting profiles 

Once you have created your professional headshot, it is time for you to create your casting profile. Casting jobs include searching for casting websites in your location. Once you have done that you can set up your account in these websites and upload your casting profile. Your casting profile will serve as your resume for other industry professionals to see and call you for the audition.

Step 6 – Submit yourself for your auditions 

Once you have got your headshot ready and created your casting profile it is time for you to start auditioning for TV series or movies. You can start auditioning without an agent. Make sure that you select the correct location while browsing. Go to audition with an open mind and do not be discouraged if you are rejected.

Step 7—Create a Demo reel 

Once you have acted on your first independent film you will probably receive the footage of the film that you can use as a demo reel. You can have more scenes on your demo reel to add if you are lucky to get multiple projects. Your Demo reel must be about 90 seconds as the agents and casting directors are not going to watch more than that.

Step 8- Keep updating your casting profile  

Once you have fresh new credits and your first demo reel it is time to update those casting profiles. You must add any new credits to the online resume and upload the demo reel to the respective media libraries.

Step 9—Create your IMDb account 

You must create your IMDb Pro account. That will allow you to add photos and demo reel to your public profile, add contact and representation information, research other industry professionals (agents, casting directors, managers). You must have an IMDb account in case you are serious about a career in film and television.

Step 10—Submit to your first agent 

Now it is time for you to submit to talent agencies and sign with your first agent. Agents sign people who have already completed the above steps and have proven themselves to be ready for the industry. One thing you must remember is that you still have to do 90% of the work yourself and leave only 10% of the work for the agents.

Step 11—Go for bigger market 

Now you have got an agent. And you are getting big auditions. You are also making money. Now it is time for you to expand your business. In case you are from a small time you move to the place of the film industry which is most likely to be Mumbai, Chennai or Los-Angeles.

Step 12— Repeat 

Once you have moved to a new and bigger market it is time for you to start the process all over again. You must take classes in your new city, learn about the business there, build your network, get new head shots and casting profiles, audition for local projects, hire a new agent and so on.

How and where can you get a formal degree in acting?

 

Formal education that includes Degree and Diploma has become necessary if not sufficient conditions for you to achieve your professional career goals.

You must be creative and must show interest in drama,acting,singing,dancing,cultural heritage etc.

You can pursue a 3-year full time acting degree or diploma to become an actor in India. All you need to do is to complete your higher secondary education and then take and clear the entrance exam for Bachelors of Arts in Acting or Bachelors of Fine Arts in Acting.

You can even go for higher studies that is a 2-year full time course in Master’s in Film making.

There are a lot of interesting courses being offered by institutes and colleges from across the country.

Here are the top courses for acting in India:

• BA in Acting
• Bachelor of Performing arts
• BA Hons in Drama
• Diploma in Acting
• Postgraduate Diploma in Acting
• Master of Arts in Acting
• Certificate Course in Acting

• BA in Acting 

You can take admission in acting in an undergraduate program in acting, dance and drama. The National Council accredits this degree for Drama Training, which   automatically allows students to enter the actor’s union in India. It is the most intensive process which requires curiosity, courage and commitment on the part of students to become a successful actor.

• Bachelor of Performing Arts (BPA) 

Bachelor of Performing Arts (BPA) is an undergraduate degree program that introduces the students to entertainment and its related techniques. This course is three or four years in duration. It is offered across different universities, institutes, and colleges in India. It focuses on three main aspects of the performance and entertainment industry, namely music, dance and drama and provides specialization to students in any one of these.

• BA Hons in Drama 

BA Hons in Drama includes acting, voice and movement techniques through the unique blend of theory and practices. This degree turns graduates into a thinking,expressive,informed,and creative actor who will be able to work across genres, media and performance cultures.

• Diploma in Acting 

A diploma in acting is a 3-year diploma course for students who are keen to become an actor. They can take this course right after completing their high school education. Diploma in acting is suitable for those who are self-determined, creative and have intellectual capability.

• Postgraduate Diploma in Acting 

PG diploma is a one-year program. It offers students a comprehensive acting training program for the screen. You learn about current industry practices as well as practical and theoretical training.You also learn about the history, craft and techniques of acting while building a solid foundation for a career in film and theatre arts. Students are also involved in various film making projects, including a short film professionally shot and produced.

• Masters of Arts in Acting 

Masters of Arts in Acting is a program that involves learning and mastering techniques that transfer to acting on stage, in film or on television. In addition to acting techniques, students have the opportunity to study the business of film and theatre, script analysis, stage movement and speech.

• Certificate Course in Acting 

The Certificate Course in acting is a one month to a six-month introduction program. It acts as a foundation course for building your career by gaining industry experience and acquiring further education.

What are the Courses in Bachelor of Acting? 

In BA acting you mostly focus on drama,acting,singing,dancing etc. Here are some of the courses that you study in your graduation.

• Acting
• Direction
• Cinematography
• Advanced Editing
• Editing
• Modelling
• Dancing
• Sound Recording
• Ad Making
• Digital Photography
• Personality Development
• Script Writing

Entrance Exams for Diploma in Acting 

Here are various entrance exams for the students who want to pursue a Diploma in Acting.

• NSD 2020-21: NSD entrance exam is conducted every year by the National School of Drama to recognize the acting talent of a student.
• FTII 2020-21: This entrance exam is jointly conducted every year by the Film and Television industry
• AISF 2020-21: This entrance exam is conducted every year by Annapurna International School of Film.

• SRFTI 2020-21: This entrance exam is conducted every year by Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute.

Top colleges for Acting in India 

All of us who want to become an actor share a common dream to become a successful actor in Bollywood or on Television. This is attributed to the increasing job opportunities,glamorous factor, and high pay scale. This has resulted in many prominent colleges offering specialization in film and acting across the country.

Here is the list of a few of the top colleges that offer a degree or diploma in acting programs in India and help you in making your career in professional acting.

• National School of Drama 

National School of Drama is an autonomous theatre training institute located in New Delhi. It was established in 1959.It is government recognized and promotes a three-year full-time diploma course in dramatic arts.

• Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune

FTII was set up by the government of India in 1960. It was then known as Film Institute of India and later renamed to its present name in 1971.The Film and Television institute of India courses include 11 full-time courses in various disciplines and short-term courses which are taught in both on-campus and off campus across India.

• Whistling Woods International (WWI) 

Whistling Woods International (WWI) was set up in 2006 in Mumbai. It has been acknowledged among the Top 10 Best Film schools all over the world. WWI has partnered with numerous international and national corporations for academics and innovation.

• Barry John Acting Studio, Mumbai 

Barry John Acting Studio was established in 1997 in Delhi as Imago Acting School and later shifted to Mumbai in 2007.The studio is one of the best acting schools in Delhi and Mumbai for 20 years. It offers various acting courses with different timelines such as 4 month or 6-month diploma and 3-month certification. It also offers summer workshops, corporate workshops and pre-production acting workshops.

• Anupam Kher’s Actor Prepares, Mumbai 

Actor Prepares is supported by Film Welfare Trust and is located in Mumbai. The Institute boasts of several state of art facilities. It offers a one-year course in acting

• Institute of Creative Excellence (ICE) 

Institute of Creative Excellence (ICE) is located in Mumbai. It offers 21 programs in filmmaking. The training period ranges from 3 months to 1 year. Some of the programs are certificate course are given below

• Film direction/Production and T.V. Journalism for 3 months
• Advance Diploma in Film Direction for 1 Year
• Advance e Program in Digital Film Making for 1 year

• Certificate course in Video editing and Sound Editing for 3 months
• Certificate course in Acting
• Certificate course in Cinematography

• Asian Academy of Film and Television (AAFT) 

Asian Academy of Film and Television (AAFT) is located in Noida. It was established by Marwah studios in 1993. It is affiliated with the International Film Television Research Centre and is approved by AICTE. AAFT has trained more than 17,000 media professionals in a span of 25 years. AFT provides media education in the field of film making,Journalism,Performing Arts, Advertising, Acting, Interior design,Dance,Digital Marketing, Animation and Fashion Design. It has more than 14 studios and theatres where students can take practical and technical education. AFT is recognized as the world’s leading media arts organisation.

• Zee Institute of Media Arts (ZIMA) 

Zee Institute of Media Arts was established in the year 2006 in Mumbai. ZIMA offers courses in communication, digital media,journalism,animation,screenwriting,acting and many others. The institute offers more than 14 courses at undergraduate and diploma level.

• Centre for Research in Art of Film and Television (CRAFT), Delhi 

Centre for Research in Art of Film and Television (CRAFT) is a non-profit organisation established in March 2006 in Delhi. Its mission was to strengthen education,training,creativity,research,documentation, dissemination,criticism,distribution, and collaborations across disciplines in the field of film and television. It is mainly an academic institution that imparts autonomous short- and long-term courses in the film medium like

• Acting & Modeling
• Direction & script Writing
• Documentary Filmmaking
• Radio Jockey
• Creative Writing

• Photography
• Production Design 
  

• Roshan Taneja School of Acting, Mumbai 

Roshan Taneja School of Acting is a private institute offering 4 months course in acting. The top courses offered are

• Diploma in Acting
• Diploma in Yoga

• Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute, Kolkata

SRFTI  was established in 1995. It is an autonomous society funded by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India.It has been named after acclaimed Indian film director.In 2019 SRFTI was ranked among the best film schools in the world along with FTII, Pune and National school of Drama, New Delhi.

It has the following departments in the Film Wing:

• Department of Direction & Screenplay Writing
• Department of Sound Recording and Design
• Department of Editing
• Department of Cinematography
• Department of Producing for Film & Television
• Department of Animation Cinema

It has  following departments in the Electronic & Digital Media Wing :

• Department of Electronic and Digital Media Management
• Department of Writing for Electronic and Digital Media
• Department of Direction & Producing for Electronic and Digital Media
• Department of Cinematography for Electronic and Digital Media
• Department of Editing for Electronic and Digital Media
• Department of Sound for Electronic and Digital Media

Cost of training in acting colleges? 

The average cost of training for BA in acting in most of the top colleges for acting ranges from Rs 200,000 to Rs 400,000 per annum.

What is the Scope of an Actor in India?

India is the largest film industry in the world as it produces the maximum films (approx. 1100) films every year. The total business is estimated to be around Rs 20,000 crores or 4 billion US Dollars. Similarly Indian has seen a surge in T.V. channels in past few years especially in the entertainment section. We have come a long way from the TV serials in Door Darshan in 1980s like Hum Log, Buniyaad, Ramayana,Mahabharat, Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi etc.

You have acting jobs in the Television industry, voice acting jobs in Radio and movie acting jobs.

Few of the top TV entertainment channels in India are

• Star Plus
• Sony Entertainment Television
• Colours TV
• ZEE TV
• Sony SAB
• & TV
• ZEE Cinema
• Star Bharat
• Dangal Channel
• DD National

Therefore, as an actor, you have a number of choices to work like in Films, Television, Theaters and other public performances (traveling and theater groups). The Indian film and TV industry is booming and there are bright prospects for budding actors.

As an actor you are not just acting but representing the industry as a whole. Your role is much more than an actor. Some of these are:

• Brand Ambassador
• Modelling
• Stage Show Anchors
• Television Show hosts
• Stage Performers
• Acting Trainers

What are the career options for an actor in India? 

As an actor you have various communication mediums where you can perform various roles. Here is the detailed information of some of the mediums where an actor can work.

1. Theater
2. Radio
3. Advertisements
4. Television
5. Over the Top Media services like Netflix and Amazon Prime
6. Social Media
7. Films

Salary of an actor 

A Successful Television actor in India can earn about Rs 1 lac to Rs 1.25 lac per episode. If you are a struggling actor you are earning about Rs 2000 to 20,000 per month. Successful Film Stars in India can earn about Rs 10 crore to 150 crores per film. However, the salary of an actor is not fixed. It varies from the role they play. For example, a character role commands less salary than a lead role. Also, there is no job guarantee. It all depends on the luck factor.

Here is the salary per episode of the top TV actors.

1. Kapil Sharma – 50 lakhs
2. Sunil Grover –10 to 12 lakhs
3. Rupali Ganguly – 3 lakhs
4. Hina Khan – Rs 2 lakhs
5. Ronit Roy – Rs 1.25 lakh
6. Ram Kapoor – Rs 1.25 lakh
7. Karan Patel Rs 1.25 lakh
8. Sakshi Tanwar – Rs 1.25 lakh

Few of the highest paid actor’s wealth in Bollywood as per Forbes is given below.

1. Akshay Kumar – 45 million USD
2. Salman Khan- 39 .5 million USD
3. Aamir Khan – 37 million USD
4. Shah Rukh Khan—36 million USD
5. Hrithik Roshan — 29.4 million USD

The Future of actors in India 

Acting is a profession that draws most of us due to its glamour and money. But acting as a career is not what it seems. Many of our great actors have struggled a lot in the early stage of their career. Many of the top actors just vanished from the industry despite reaching great heights. Success in acting is unpredictable due to the whims of the movie goers. Many of the predictions for a hit movie have gone wrong.

Bur still acting is a wonderful career where one learns new skills and has the chance to meet new people. Actors are not paid just for the acting but for bringing the human condition into light. Actors are paid so much that they are always in the limelight. Acting career is worthwhile if one is willing to put his time and effort into this profession.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Aquaculture also known as “Underwater Agriculture” involves the breeding and rearing of fishes and mollusks for commercial usage I,e. For consumption as well as displaying in aquariums. Aquaculturist is a person who pursue aquaculture as career.

Aquaculture is generally carried out in reserved areas like confined tanks or at open sea under monitoring, and is referred to as Mariculture. 

Today Aquaculture is an encompassing and wide arena where you can kickstart your career. The only thing that you require to take it  as your career is an interest in the subject and in general agriculture.  

What is Aquaculture and Fisheries? 

The term Aquaculture and Fisheries involves catching of inland and marine fishes for commercial purposes. They both involve aquaculture,gears,navigation, oceanography,aquarium management,breeding,processing,export and import of seafood, special products and by-products, research and related activities. 

Whereas Fisheries is the occupation of catching, processing or selling fish or shellfish, Aquaculture is the cultivation of aquatic animals and plants, especially fish, shellfish and seaweed, in natural or controlled marine or freshwater environments. 

Aquaculture is the farming of the fish, crustaceans, Mollusca, aquatic plants, algae and other organisms. It involves the cultivation of saltwater and fresh water under controlled conditions.   

Types of Aquacultures 

Aquaculture can be classified into three categories; 

1. Freshwater Aquaculture 
2. Brackish Water Aquaculture
3. Mariculture

 

1. Freshwater Aquaculture 

The freshwater aquaculture mainly deals with the culture in fresh water like rivers, streams, ponds, and canals. It includes the various aspects of breeding the parent stock, preparing the water resources for culture,stocking,water management, post stocking management process and harvesting. The types of organisms include fishes,prawns,mussels,frogs and aquatic plants. 

2. Brackish Aquaculture 

Brackish aquaculture production in the country mainly accounts for shrimp farming. Of the estimated 1.23 million hectares of area recognized for aquaculture, only 10% is cultivated. 

Of this, 80% of the area is under traditional farming while 20% is under shrimp farming. Shrimp farming is done in a commercial way mainly in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu while traditional farming is done in West Bengal.

3. Mariculture 

Marine aquaculture is the culture of fishes and other organisms in marine backwaters, shallow bays in several aquaculture methods. Mariculture is done mainly in the states of Kerala and Karnataka.  

 

What is the Job Profile of an Aquaculturist? 

An Aquaculturists conduct research in areas such as fish nutrition, water quality, aquaculture engineering, fish genetics, hatchery production and fish pathology. Most of them work in private laboratories or government agencies or government agencies.  

Here is the job profile of an AquaCulturist.

• Reviewing aquaculture reports written by contractors. 
• Record maintenance on fish health, fish inventories, ponds and fish movements to and from the station. 
• Maintaining protocols on chemical safety. 
• Identifying operational farming needs.
• Maintenance of all ponds and aquaculture systems, water supply, electrical systems, equipment,buildings etc.
• Taking appropriate and adequate measures to prevent fish losses. 
• Providing strategies to optimize production procedures. 
• Production daily reports on the running of the farm.
• Providing leadership and expert advice on the topic. 
  

Advantages of Aquaculture 

• Aquaculture is an important source of excellent quality protein and healthy oils. 
• It keeps the future of fish production safe. 
• It maintains the price and supply of the fish so as to reach it to poor section of the people. 
• It provides good quality of food for the growing population. 
• It produces cultured fishes which are free from pollutants and are thus safe.
• It helps to create more employment and help rural development. 
• Commercial aquaculture helps in cultivating ornamental fishes, Artemia cysts, Prawns, Lobsters, prawns, crabs, and frog legs. These are highly valued items and can earn good foreign exchange. 
  

How to start a career in Aquaculture?

 

Like any other job profile, you require a certain set of skills that can be attained to start a career in aquaculture. Here are a few of the skills that you must possess to be one. 

Skills required to become an Aquaculturist 

1. Technical & Practice Skills 

As an aquaculturist you must be able to understand, measure, and measure various situations and be able to apply technical knowledge. You must be open to further training to improve your daily performance and skills.   

2. Analytical Skills 

You must be able to collect and analyze information in a methodical way as an aquaculturist. 

3. Communication skills 

As an aquaculturist you must be able to balance listening and talking. You must be able to speak and write clearly and accurately.

4. Self-Management 

The art of self-managing is a very important skill you must possess as an aqua-culturist. You must be able to focus on effective planning and time management as well as prioritisation of tasks. 

 

Courses and Programmes to become an Aquaculturist 

 To become an aquaculturist there are various undergraduate and postgraduate courses available in the field of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Since the Fisheries science is a science degree, you must complete your 12th in science stream along with biology. 

The selection process for admission in fisheries and aquaculture institutes is either through university level examination (CUSAT 2022) or through state level exam. Students can also apply for ICAR 2022 to pursue this course. 

Bachelor’s courses 

• Bachelor of Fisheries Science(B.F.Sc) — 4 Years 
• Bachelor of Science (Industrial Fish and Fisheries) — 3 years 
• B.Sc. (Fisheries) — 3 years 
• B.Sc. (Aquaculture) — 3 Years 
  

Master’s Courses 

• Master’s of Fisheries Science(M.F.Sc)– 2 Years 
• Master’s of Science(M.Sc) — 2 Years  
  

You can study aquaculture on a part time or full-time basis. Aquaculture courses can be a degree or a diploma program.  

Top Aquaculture Institutes in India 

Since there are a number of institutes and universities in India that offer courses in aquaculture it is in your best interest to go to a top-quality institute that is government recognized. Here are few of the top institutes/Universities where you can start you program .

• Dr Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Vidyapeeth, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra 
• Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangrad, Kochi, Kerala, Ernakulam 
• Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pant Nagar, Uttarakhand 
• Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra. 
• Iihmr University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 
• Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh. 
• Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan. 
• Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences and Technology of Kashmir. Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir. 
• Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, Karnataka.
  

Career Scope in Aquaculture? 

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing sectors in the world. India has a vast coastal area which offers immense opportunities for fisheries in both marine and inland waters. 

India has the second largest share in the global aquaculture market with its 2.36 million hectares of ponds and tanks, a coastline of 7,500 kms and brackish water of 1.1 million, which offers a ground of fish farming.   

The fishing sector in India contributes livelihood to more than 28 million people in the country. With 10.5 lakh tons in volume and 33,442 crores in value, fish and fish products have risen to become the largest group of agricultural exports from India. 

The share of the fisheries sector in the total GDP (at current prices) has increased from 0.40% in 1950-51 to 1.03% in 2017-18. It is a record increase of 157%. The sector contributed Rs 1,75,573 crore to the GDP (at current prices) during FY 2017-18. 

The fisheries sector has demonstrated an outstanding double-digit growth of 10.87% since 2014-15.

The sector has reached record fish production of 142 lakh tons in FY 2019-20 and has immense potential for growth. 

No doubt the fisheries sector has been recognized as the sunrise sector in India.  

This provides a lot of career opportunities in fisheries and aquaculture.  

Business and Career Opportunities 

The Indian fisheries sector has tremendous opportunity for business and has contributed immensely as an employment generating sector. The Indian seafood business is expanding at a rate of approximately 15% per year. It still has a lot of room for growth. The increase in personal disposable income and changing consumption habit has increased the potential for entrepreneurs who wish to create their own fisheries or aquaculture firm. 

Similarly, there are numerous careers or jobs after B.Sc. aquaculture in government and the private sector. The government has fisheries departments in all states in the country where one can apply for various posts. You can apply for jobs in various central government agencies like Marine Product Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Fisheries Survey of India (FSI), NIO, WHO, and many others. 

Degree holders can apply for research projects or can-do further study. Candidates can find the number of job opportunities in fisheries and aquaculture in institutions,banks,fishing/oceans and in foreign countries.   

Few of the top companies where the degree holders can apply are 

• Mowi 
• Trident seafood corporation 
• Avanti Feeds 
• Coastal Corporation Ltd. 
• The Waterbase Ltd. 
• Charoen Pokphand Food (CP Foods) 
• Pacific Andes 
  

Type of Jobs in Aquaculture Industry 

Aquaculture has a vast scope and opting it as a career is a unique choice. It just requires from you an interest in the subject. 

Fish farming ranges from a basic technician job to that of managers and bio-technologists and other applied sciences professionals. 

Here are a few high paying jobs in Aquaculture. 

• Aquaculture Technician 

An aquaculture technician is responsible for manning the areas where the fishes and molluscs are bred. An Aquaculture technician job is to ensure that the water is clean, adequate and the food for fishes is in regular supply. 

• Aquaculture Manager 

Managerial Personnel is a person who is working in the fish farm as a manager. His role is to oversee the production, distribution, and sales aspects of the fishes bred at the farm. He is also responsible for the maintenance of the fish farm and necessary records. 

• Aquaculture specialist 

An aquaculture specialist’s responsibility is to conduct operations at aquaculture farms and fisheries. These analysis results are then sent to the interested parties in both the public and private sector. 

• Aquarist 

An aquarist is responsible for the well-being of fish and marine animals in an aquarium. He looks after the feeding of the fish, performs daily health checkups of fishes and monitors the activities of the organisms in the aquarium. He also tends the environment in the aquarium, and oversees the tasks of cleaning tanks, cleaning water recirculation pumps and maintaining pumps and maintaining required tools and equipment. 

• Seafood Inspector 

The Seafood Inspector verifies the operations and end products in the aquatic farm to ensure that they are acceptable for human consumption, examines the procedures, species health and the working conditions in compliance to the standard laid down by the concerned authorities.  

The Future 

The Indian aquaculture industry has grown at a dramatic pace in the last two decades. Its size has increased sixfold, although it still has to overcome several infrastructural and technological bottlenecks. India is undergoing a Blue Revolution in the last two decades which has increased the employment opportunity in the fishing industry. 

The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) reveals that 90% of the global reserves have been fully exploited. India uses only 40% of the available ponds, tanks, and other water bodies for freshwater aquaculture and 15% of total potential of brackish water resources. 

India’s long coastline is its main strength to meet its objectives of Blue Revolution. It has reached new horizons in the advancement of technology. The government is aiming to turn India into a hotspot in fish production and is taking appropriate policies, marketing and infrastructure support. The industry has been transformed with innovative solutions which presents a great opportunity to invest their resources in a sector with immense growth potential. With these technological advancement and favourable government policies toward the industry, the aquaculture industry is going for a major boost making this sector as popular as the agriculture sector with even greater profitability.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

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A Horticulture career  is for those who have a passion for plants. The word horticulture is derived from the Latin word “Hortus” that means “Garden” and “Cultus” that means “Cultivation”.

Thus, horticulture is a part of agriculture science that is concerned with the cultivation of Garden crops. Garden crops include fruits, vegetables, and all the plants grown for ornamental purposes as well as spices,plantation,medicinal and aromatic purposes.

Unlike the field crops cultivation that is based on extensive cultivation, horticulture requires intensive care in planting, carrying out cultural operations, and manipulating growth. Harvesting,packing,marketing,storage and processing.

Also, horticulture does not require large-scale crop protection or animal husbandry like agriculture. Horticulture lays stress on cultivation on small size plots with a diverse mix of mixed crops, while agriculture focuses on a single large primary crop at times.

 

Horticulture and Horticulturist

What is horticulture?

Horticulture is a branch of agriculture science that deals with the cultivation of plants,vegetables,flowers,fruits,herbs,shrubs,bushes and ornamental trees. Horticulture includes landscaping for gardens, maintaining nurseries, green houses,orchards,and plantations and cultivation of flowers.

Horticulture now also includes direct or indirect application in food-technology industries as production, harvesting and storing of vegetables that are highly mechanized and merged into food technology.

Who is a Horticulturist?

A horticulturist is a person who has skills and uses them in the production of plants. A horticulturist improves the plant growth,quality,nutritional value, yield, and resistance to insects, diseases, and environmental stresses.

Horticulturists start from gardeners and end up as designers. They work as growers, therapists, designers and technical advisors.

Horticulturists grow and process flowers, ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants.They prepare soil, nurture and grow plants, collect the produce(flowers,fruits,vegetables, etc.,), process them and distribute them for selling and other purposes.

Branches of Horticulture

Horticulture is a vast subject. This field is divided into three major branches.

Floriculture

Floriculture is the cultivation of flowers. It is the branch of ornamental horticulture concerned with growing and marketing flowers.

Olericulture

Olericulture is the science of growing vegetables. It teaches us to grow,store,process and market plants for food. The vegetables are mostly annual, non-woody plants from which one harvests a crop.

Pomiculture or Pomology

Pomology is the science of producing and marketing seed bearing food that grows on woody perennial plants like trees, bushes and vines.

What is the importance of Horticulture?

Horticulture plays a very important role in our daily life. Here are a few of its benefits.

• Horticulture cultivates fruits and vegetables that help in our balanced diet by providing vital protective nutrients.
• Horticulture is key to several industries like canning, essential oil,dehydration,refrigeration,wine,cashew nut, transport, etc. that provide employment to many people.

• The flowers, ornamental plants and gardens play a very important role in reducing air pollution and refreshing the minds of people.

• Horticulture crops also contribute to the aesthetic side of rural and home life of the community.
• Horticulture generates employment opportunities.
• Horticulture helps in the effective utilisation through hardy fruits and medicinal plants.

Types of Plants in Horticulture

We can further categorize the plants cultivated in horticulture into the following.

Annuals Plants

Annuals are plants that live for one year or less, that makes its vegetative growth flowers and produces seed within one year from the sowing date and then the plant dies. Examples of Annuals are brinjal,tomato,coleus etc.

Biennials Plants

Biennials plants are those plants that require two years or parts growing seasons with more or less of a dormant or resting season between to complete their life period. Examples are onion,beet,carrot,cabbage radish etc.

Perennials Plants

Perennials persist from year to year and go on producing crops of seed from year. Perennials may be herbaceous or woody and perennials may be trees or shrubs or vines. Examples are Mango, Chiku etc.

Deciduous Plants

Deciduous plants shed their leaves once a year when they go to rest. This is in the cold season. Their leaves change their colour when temperature falls and become yellow and fall off. The tree becomes bare and looks dry. Examples are apple,plum,peach, and sirls.

Evergreens Plants

Evergreen plants are those who do not have a definite resting season and they do not leave their leaves during a particular season. All physiological activities go on continuously and the tree never becomes completely devoid of leaves and bare. Examples are mango,chiku,citrus etc.

How to become a Horticulturist?

One can start horticulture education after completing intermediate/12th level education. You must complete your 12th in science stream (Physics, chemistry and Math/biology/agriculture) to opt for admission in bachelor’s degree in agriculture as well.

Most candidates have to take an entrance test namely ICAR AIEEA 2022 conducted by ICAR to start a career in horticulture. However, some colleges conduct their own admission for horticulture.

Bachelor’s Courses in Horticulture

Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Horticulture for 3 years

Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) in Technology for 4 years

Master’s Course in Horticulture

Master’s of Science (M.Sc.) in Horticulture in 2 years

Postgraduate Diploma in Horticulture and Landscaping Gardening for 2 years.

M.Sc. Agriculture in Horticulture (Floriculture and Landscaping) for 2 years.

For admission to postgraduate courses in horticulture, one has to pass the bachelor’s degree in the relevant discipline with minimum 60% marks.

Doctorate of Philosophy (PhD) in Horticulture

Candidates who want to pursue Doctorate of Philosophy (PhD) in horticulture can do so after completing their post-graduation in the same discipline.

List of Top Colleges offering courses in Horticulture

Serial No	College name	Courses	Course fees (1st year)
1	Indian college research Institute ( (IARI), New Delhi	MSc Agriculture M..Phil./PhD	Rs 43,150 Rs 29,250
2	Tamil Nadu Agriculture University ( (TNAU), Coimbatore	B.Sc in Agriculture U.G diploma in         agriculture	Rs 50,255 Rs 21,100
3	Punjab Agriculture University (PAU), Ludhiana	B.Sc. in Agriculture M.Sc. in Agriculture	Rs79,010
4	Anil Dharmalingam Agriculture College and Research Institute (ADAC&RI), Tiruchirappalli	BSc in Agriculture	Rs 70,825
5	Daffodil College in Horticulture, Kamrup, Assam	BSc in Agriculture	Rs 94,000
6	Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and technology, Pant Nagar, Uttarakhand	BSc in Agriculture MSc in Agriculture	Rs 41,736 Rs 49,108
7	University of Calcutta, Kolkata	MSc in Agriculture	Rs 8,694
8	Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra	MSc in Agriculture	Rs 19,100
9	Mumbai University, Mumbai, Maharashtra	PG Diploma in Agriculture	Rs 11,700
10	BIRSA Agriculture University (       BAU), Ranchi, Jharkhand	MSc in Agriculture	Rs 15,500

 

 

Why should one become a Horticulturist?

The Scope of Horticulturists in India

Horticulture is the fastest growing sector in agriculture. Presently India is next only to China in area and production of vegetables and fruits crops. We produce 10% of fruits and 14% vegetables of the world production.

Here are few facts of horticulture in India:

• India is the largest producer of mango, banana,sapota,acid lime and cauliflower.
• India is the second largest producer of onion and third in cabbage production globally.

• India produces nearly 70 different varieties of vegetables.
• We are the largest producer of rice in India

 

Horticulture Career Prospects

Horticulture has a lot of scope. Whether you want a full time or part time horticulture job, whether you own a piece of land or not, you can take up this line and live a decent life.

In recent years there is a rapid expansion of horticulture as an industry. As there is more awareness among the people of the impact of pollution on the environment, Horticulture is becoming more popular.

The career as a horticulturist is extremely lucrative as not only is there a rise in demand for plants,flowers,fruits but also the technology behind it is also becoming more and more sophisticated. The growth in the export industry is also creating employment opportunities.

There is a demand for qualified and trained horticulturists with attractive remuneration in both public and private sectors. There are also job openings in the UK and US and qualified horticulturists.

Top ten career paths in Horticulture

Horticulturists have very high demand in various industries in India. You have a number of job opportunities and career options after completion of the course. Let us take a closer look at a few of the most wanted types of jobs in horticulture in India.

1. Pomology

Pomology is the study of the production of fruit crops in the field. These are of two types.

1. Tree fruits like mango,chiku,citrus etc.

1. Small fruits produced on shrubs like Phalsa, Asberry, Grapes, Strawberry.

Pomologists are responsible for the cultivation of new fruits and nuts as well as maximising the production of existing ones. Their job duties include the following.

• Developing new fruit and nut cultivars
• Studying pruning practices,fertilisation and other activities to ensure that the trees and crops remain healthy.
• How to deal with crop pests, infections and diseases.
• What are the best ways to harvest fruits and nuts?
• Analysing shelf lives and storage conditions to ensure the longevity of crops life.

• Survival of crops in adverse climate conditions.
• Studying the conditions for growth of various fruit and nut trees.
• How to water, prune and transplant crops.

Essential skills required to become Pomologists

Here are the skills that are required for a Pomologist.

• Excellent research and laboratory skills
• Strong analytical skills
• Interest in fruit cultivation

• Critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
• Outdoor skills
• Attention to detail
• Good report writing skills for creating research reports.
• Excellent Speaking skills

• Inquisitiveness and persistence
• An up-to-date knowledge of Industry trends.

 

2. Olericulture

Olericulture is the study of vegetable crops like brinjal, tomato,potato,radish,chilli., etc. An Olericulturists deals with the production,storage,processing and marketing of vegetables.

Vegetable crops can be classified into 9 major types.

• Potherbs and greens like  spinach and collards
• Salad crops like lettuce, celery
• Cole crops like cabbage and cauliflower
• Root crops (tubers) like potatoes, beets, carrots, radishes

• Bulb crops like onions, leeks
• Legumes like beans, peas
• Cucurbits like melons, squash, cucumber
• Solanaceous crops like tomatoes, peppers potatoes
• Sweet corn

Essential skills required to become Olericulturists

• Critical thinking and problem-solving skills
• Good outdoor skills

• Attention to detail
• Good report writing skills
• Excellent speaking skills
• Inquisitiveness and persistence
• An up-to-date knowledge of industry trends

 

3. Floriculture

Floriculture is the study of cultivation of flowers and ornamental plants both for commercial purposes or as a hobby. There has been a steep rise in the demand for floriculturists as a result of the rise in domestic need of flowers like roses,gerbera,carnation,gladiolus,orchids and lilies.

You can choose any of these careers after completing your course.

1. Floral Designers

1. Interior Decorator

1. Production Managers

1. Management Analysts

1. Floral Wholesaler

1. Sales Representatives

1. Landscape technicians

 

Floriculturists can work in nurseries,Botanical gardens, farm companies, Genetic companies. Agriculture product companies. They can teach in colleges and universities as professors. They can work in cosmetics and perfume manufacturing companies. You can also set your own business in growing flowers in the export market.

 

4.  Landscape Gardening

Landscape gardening is the study of designing and laying out home gardens, public gardens, parks, road side plantation, avenues etc. Landscape gardening has many sub divisions.

• Landscape design
• Landscape ecology
•  Landscape engineering

• Landscape planning
• Landscape archaeology
• Nature scaping
• Sustainable landscaping
• Terraforming

• Xeriscaping

 

5 .   Post-Harvest Technology

Post-Harvest technologist is the study of canning of fruits and vegetables like fruit juice,jam,marmalade,candy,dehydration etc., product groups like confectionery, chocolates and cocoa products, soya- based products, mineral water, high protein foods etc.

Food scientists are responsible for understanding processes contributing to food deterioration and spoilage and devising appropriate measures and methods of preservation in order to ensure availability, acceptability and safety of food.

They are also responsible for post-harvest reduction encompassing the usage of optimum harvest factors, reduction of losses in handling, packaging transpiration and storage with modern infrastructure machinery, processing into a wide variety of products, home scale preservation with low-cost technology.

 

6.  Silviculture

Silviculture is the study of cultivation and management of forest trees like teak wood, Ficus, eucalyptus, etc.

The roles of Silviculturist include control of crop composition and production of species of more economic value, Afforestation of blank under stock areas, Production of quality timber, control of rotation timber, creation of man-made forests and introduction of exotics, Protection of site and intangible returns.

7. Plantation Crops Cultivation.

Plantation crops are tea,coffee,coconut,arecanut,rubber,oil palm, etc. Plantation crops like coir-based products and coffee have export potential which helps us earn foreign exchange, Also plantation crops cultivation provide employment throughout the year.

8. Spices and Condiments

 

Spices and condiments are high value crops like Cardamom,clove,nutmeg,coriander,cumin,etc.. These are used as adjuncts in food for flavour, aroma, and taste.

9. Aromatic and medicinal plants

Gugal,aonia,baheda,harde,licorice are examples of aromatic and medicinal plants. These crops have medicinal properties in them that are capable of curing various diseases in humans.

10, Sericulture

Sericulture is Silk farming. Sericulture deals with the rearing of silkworms and production of silk. Sericulture plays an important role in the rural economy in India. It offers numerous employment opportunities in government, research centres, sericulture units, agriculture sector banks, etc.

Certified Horticulturist salary

The average salary of a horticulturist in India is Rs 400,000 per annum.The entry level horticulturist with 1 to 4 years experience earns up to Rs 2,75,00 per annum.A mid level career horticulturist with 5 to 9 years of experience can earn up to Rs 409,746 per annum. An experienced horticulturist with 10 to 19 years of experience can earn up to Rs 6,75000 per annum.

Conclusion

Horticulture science includes both plant science and plant aesthetics. It is an applied science which means that all the knowledge gained by horticulturists can be used to improve plant production, marketing, and quality of human and animal life on earth,

Also, In India the scope and business of the horticulture industry is increasing day by day. The market has a high demand for horticulturists making it one of the fastest growing segments. This has resulted in creating more employment opportunities and career growth for the youth.