We all love animals. We domesticate them and bring them to our home. We have created natural forest parks and zoos for the wild animals where we take care of and nurture them. By taking care of them we mean that our doctors treat and cure them when they fall ill. At our home we take our pets to the pet clinic to treat them. The doctors who treat the animals when they fall ill are called Veterinary Doctors or Veterinarians (Vet).

What is Veterinary Science?

Veterinary Science is the branch of medicine that basically deals with finding, curing and preventing diseases in animals. It covers all types of animals, both domesticated and wild. It is the field of medical science related to animals such as preventative care, psychological analysis, surgical problems, and all the things that are related to the well-being of animals.

What is Veterinary Doctor or Veterinarian?

A Veterinary doctor or Veterinarian or “Vet” is a healthcare professional who analyzes, treats, and fixes various kinds of infections in birds and animals. Their job is not only limited to healing the illnesses of animals but also to conducting research. Mostly veterinary doctors are found caring for pets, but they might also work with professional working animals such as racehorses,racing dogs, milk cows, cattle, and zoo animals.

What do Veterinary doctor do?

Veterinary Doctor spend days examining, diagnosing, and treating various animals that are covered in the scope of their practice. Their daily appointments include check-up examinations, critical emergency visits, and operations of various sorts.

To choose a career as a veterinary doctor you will have these roles and responsibilities.

• You will have to conduct regular medical and physical checkups to monitor the animal’s health.
• You must conduct various tests and examinations to detect illness or condition of the animal. For this you will have to create a treatment plan as per the specific case. Treatment plans are initiated for animals suffering from various diseases, food in digestion, infection, or other communicable diseases, performing surgeries and emergency care for the animals whenever needed.
• It is your duty as veterinarian to educate and inform pet/animal owners about the best practices to care for their animals like tips to administer prescribed medicines, study animal behavior and monitor a healthy and clean environment.
• Veterinary doctors must be able to suggest or offer to euthanize (the painless killing of an animal that is suffering).
• The veterinarians must be able to conduct an autopsy of an animal to determine the specific disease, especially in the case when the disease is dangerous and communicable.
• You must be able to maintain logbooks, medical reports, and forms of each patient and expand your knowledge by reading new publications and keeping yourself updated with the latest medical techniques and treatments.
• It is your duty as a veterinarian to notify the public health department of any disease that is detected in an animal that is communicable.
• You must adhere to the code of ethics of a veterinary doctor like operating with a licence, ensuring professional behaviour, ethical treatment of animals, and client privacy.

 

A brief history of a Veterinary doctor.

Veterinary Doctor is one of the oldest professions. Its reference can be found in Athar Veda (1500-500 BC) on horse management and treatment, elephant management and healthcare, etc. Emperor Ashoka, the great son of Chandra Gupta Maurya started the first veterinary hospital of the world under his regime. His period saw the existence and treatment of both humans and animals in the respective hospitals at the same time.

Although there was a brief decline in Veterinary science during the renaissance period, the interest in this subject increased during the period of 1791-1799 due to long scale epidemics and economic losses the interest in veterinary science. The first training school came into existence in 1862 in Pune. The first veterinary college was established in Lahore in 1882. This was followed bt the establishment of other veterinary colleges in Bombay in 1884, Bengal in 1893, Madras in 1902 and in Bihar in 1930. By Independence India has Nine Veterinary colleges.

Types of Veterinary Doctor

There are different types of Veterinarians.

• Companion animal Vets

These Vets work in private hospitals and provide treatment to pet animals like dogs, cats, birds, etc.

• Equine Veterinarian

These vets work with horses and provide medical treatment to them.

• Food animal veterinarians

Food animal vets treat the illness and injuries of farm animals like pigs and cattle. They also educate the farm owners about nutrition and other health practices.

• Food safety & Inspection Veterinarians

These types of veterinarians are involved in the research of finding and preventing diseases that are communicable between animals and between animals and humans.

• Research Veterinarians

Research Vets work in laboratories and are involved in the research of finding new technical surgical techniques.

 

How Can you Become a Veterinary Doctor?

To become a veterinarian, you need a lot of skills. You can acquire these skills throughout your education and training. Here are some of the skills that can help you in your career path to veterinary doctor.

Since animals are unable to communicate vets must be capable of discerning what is wrong with the animals.

1. Diagnostic Skills

Vets must be able to sedate and prepare an animal for surgery. You must be skilled with scalpel and must have a very steady hand. You must have a comprehensive knowledge of contemporary surgical technologies and procedures.

2. Communication

Vets must be able to communicate effectively with the staff, animals and their owners. You must be able to work with the animals when they are in a state of extreme stress.

3. Business Skill

You must have business acumen and management skills to run and manage your clinic.

 

Educational Qualification and steps to become a veterinarian

Although the veterinarian course is not as glamorous as MBBS, still one can have it own niche by taking this course. It all depends on your mind set up. In case you have decided to become a Vet, you follow the following steps in your career path for Vet.

Step 1– School level preparation

You must prepare for Vet from the school level itself. The candidates must take science in the 10 + 2 level itself. They must take science with biology.They must prepare themselves for NEET UG entrance exam by taking up courses.

Step 2 – Undergraduate level preparation

Once you have cleared your NEET UG and taken admission into UG course in a Vet college you must work hard to score good marks in the college exams.  You must focus on every subject, especially on those where you want to do your specialization. You must also take up an internship at a reputable hospital and try getting a job there.

Step 3 — Post Graduate Preparation

Once you have completed your UG program you can appear for NEET PG entrance exam for pursuing PG course. This is a specialization program with a 2-year duration.

Step 4 — Doctorate

You can go for a Ph.D. in vet in case you want to continue with your studies.

 

Veterinary Education in India

To become a veterinarian, you must pass the UG course after your 12th.. The average duration of these courses is generally five to five and a half years.

Here are the undergraduate degrees for veterinary doctors.

• Bachelor of Veterinary Science (BVSc)

It is a five-year UG course focusing on imparting knowledge about the treatment of pets, animals, and other livestock.

• BVSc and AH (Animal Husbandry)

It is a five-and-a-half-year course where you learn about hte medical diagnostics and treatment of diseased animals.

• BVSc in Animal Genetics and Breeding 

It is a five-year course that focuses on the research of cells, cytogenetics, human genetics, and the breeding of various species of livestock and poultry.

• BVSc in Veterinary Surgery & Radiology 

BVSc in Veterinary surgery & Radiology is a 3-year undergraduate level course that focuses on surgery and medical diagnostics of animals.

• BVSc in Livestock Production and Management 

It is a five-year course that provides you with training in animal care and service workers, Associate Scientific Manager, Biological Scientists, and many more.

 

For those of you who want to pursue your master’s degree in veterinary science here are a few of the courses.

Master course in veterinary science

• Master of Veterinary Science(M.V.Sc) — It is a 3-year course.
• MV.Sc in Veterinary Medicine
• MV.Sc in Veterinary pharmacology & Toxicology
• MV.Sc in Veterinary surgery & Radiology

For those of you who still want to go deep into veterinary science they can go for the doctoral course.

Doctorate in veterinary science

• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) in Veterinary Medicine
• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) in Veterinary pathology
• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) in Veterinary Pharmacology& Toxicology

 

Top Colleges for Veterinary Science

It is important for you to get admission in a college with good placement opportunities to have a good career in the later stage. Here are some of the top veterinary colleges in India which offer you good placements with excellent packages.

Institutions	Highest CTC	Companies
NDRI,  Karnal	7-8 lacs per annum	Nestle, Mother Dairy
Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and animal sciences university, Ludhiana	3 lacs per annum	Nestle, PepsiCo etc.
Maharashtra Animal and Fishery sciences university, Nagpur	9 lacs per annum	Vasundhra dairy, Agricultural council of India, etc.
Tamil Nadu veterinary and animal sciences university, Chennai	4.7 lacs per annum	Hatsum agro product ltd., Kwality dairy product ltd. Etc.
West Bengal University of Animal and Fisheries, Kolkata	9 lacs per annum	ITC Ltd., Organic Dairy Foods India etc.
Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary science university, Jabalpur	6 lacs per annum	HMA Agro Industries, Gykemri, etc.
Rajasthan University of veterinary and animal sciences, Bikaner	6.32 lacs per annum	AHDP, The Oberoi Group, etc.
Sri Venkateswara Veterinary university, Tirupati	7 lacs per annum	Heritage foods, Lactalis India, etc.

 

The Scope of Veterinary Science

The Indian Market Scenario

The Indian health market size was estimated at USD 1.25 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 8.63 % from 2024 to 2029 and 6.51 %. It is expected to reach USD 1.89 billion by 2029.

The Indian veterinary medicine market is expected to grow at the CAGR of 6.51% during 2024- 2032.

The rise can be attributed due to the prevalence of Zoonotic diseases, such as rabies, plague, toxoplasmosis, etc. Also, the emerging trend of pet humanization is another cause of this growth.

Products wise the Indian Veterinary market has been divided into drugs, vaccines and medicated feed addictive. At present, Drugs dominate the product market.

Animals wise the Indian veterinary market can be categorised into companion animals and livestock animals. The companion animals dominate the market share.

Administration wise the Indian Veterinary medicine market can be segregated into oral, parental, and topical. The parental holds the largest market share.

Distribution wise the Indian veterinary market can be bifurcated into veterinary hospitals pharmacies., retail Veterinary pharmacies and online pharmacies.

On the regional level the market is divided into North, West and Central India, South India and East India. South India dominates the market.

 

Veterinary Doctors Job Placements

Veterinary science has a a bright future for veterinary graduates. It offers them great scope in various diverse sectors with multiple job opportunities. Here are a few of the sectors that offer you scope and opportunities.

1. Government sector

You can get many government jobs in central, state and local level in Animal husbandry departments, Department of animal welfare, and Municipal Corporations. You can explore jobs in forces like ITBT, Army, CRPF, or BSF. These jobs are popular in India as they provide security and stability in your career life.

2. Pet Care

After completing your graduation in veterinary science, you can contribute to the pet care industry. The growth potential is high in this sector despite the low salary initially.

3. Entrepreneurship

As an entrepreneur you can start your own ventures or join pet industry startups. If you possess skills like networking,have done research and have a well-defined strategy. Emerging fields like Health Tech and custom- made pet food or pharma startups offer great potential.

4. Wildlife and Conservation

For those of you who love wildlife internships or volunteer positions in rehabilitation centres, conservation organisations, and zoos can offer invaluable experience. After completing your internship, you have a wide range of fields available in private practice and in the government sector.

5. Advocacy with NGOs

Fresh graduates can engage in internships or volunteer work showcasing commitment by championing animal welfare causes with NGOs like Resq(Pune), WVS(Goa,ooty), and others. These organizations offer massive scope to learn and provide strong international network for jobs.

6. Specializations

You can get a range of specialization options in veterinary science after completing your B.V.Sc program. You delve deeper into a specific field after completing your master’s (MVSc) program. Earning a specialization equips you with advanced skills and expertise and paves the way for cutting edge research and fulfilling roles.

7. Clinical Experience

Clinical veterinarians diagnose and treat animals with varied health concerns. Whether you work with livestock in rural areas or small animals in urban areas, the role as clinical veterinarian offers financial stability and satisfaction directly and improving lives.

8. Quest for Knowledge

Like any field in education, the veterinary field demands an unquenchable thirst for learning. For that you will have to attend regular workshops, seminars, and certification classes. Continuous learning is the key to success as it updates you with the latest development in veterinary science.

Apart from the above sectors here are a few other avenues and important organizations /establishments that offer ample job opportunities for veterinary doctors.

1. Animal Husbandry Departments in State governments

2. Pradeshik Cooperative Dairy Federation

3. Pharmaceutical companies

4. Remount veterinary corps (RVC)

5. Paramilitary Forces

6. Bank and Insurance companies

7. Private poultry production and dairy farms

8. Stud farms and racecourses

9. Diagnostic labs and Vet clinics

10. Zoo and National Parks

11. Slaughterhouses

12. Teaching and Research organizations

13. Research and Development wings

 

Job description for veterinary doctors?

Once you have completed your education in veterinary science you can go for a job through the internal placement services of your college or on your own through your network or private placement agencies. You will be given various positions according to your specialization, experience and level of education.

Here are some of the job titles for you as veterinary doctors.

• Veterinarian assistant
• Veterinary physician
• Veterinary food inspection specialist
• Associate veterinarian
• Veterinary surgeon
• Veterinary pharmacologist
• Veterinary epidemiologist
• Veterinary neurologist
• Veterinary dermatologist

• Veterinary services manager
• Dairy- Veterinary sales advisor
• Business Head-animal nutrition
• Animal Physiologist
• Veterinary Dentist
• Veterinary Radiology
• Animal Breeder
• Livestock Development Officer

 

Veterinary Doctors Salary and their Career-path

Your career as veterinarian can lead to different job roles. Here are the different designations that you will pass through once you become a Vet.

• Junior Veterinary officer

You must have completed your minimum education i.e. bachelor’s in veterinary science to qualify for this post. The person needs to be an expert in handling different surgical procedures related to the treatment of animals.

Junior Vet officers earn about 4 lacs to 6 lacs per annum.

• Veterinary officer

Veterinary officers are responsible for maintaining daily reports related to various marketing activities. They must be adept in handling the breeding and maintenance of the various lab animals. They earn about Rs 7 lacs to 9 lacs per annum.

• Veterinary Doctors

The candidates must have experience in the treatment of various small and large animals. They must be able to perform surgeries and ultra-sonography on the various animals.They earn around Rs 7 lacs to Rs 9 lacs.

 

Future Prospect of Veterinary Doctors

Alongside agriculture, Animal husbandry is an integral part of the Indian economy. India has the livestock population of around 512 million.This provides immense opportunities to the veterinary sector of the country such as animal healthcare. Veterinary polytechnics, and dispensaries.The growth of industries such as dairy,poultry,piggery, and other related sectors including rise pet-loving urban  class in India has triggered the demand of veterinarians.

Thus, the field of veterinary medicine provides immense opportunities for recent graduates and seasons veterinarians like.

 

 

 

 

 

The rise of e-commerce companies all over the world and demand for receiving goods at the doorstep has given rise to new and exciting Career in Postal and Courier companies.

This is the era of consumer revolution where the customers expect the companies to provide them with goods at the right time and right place and with no damage. The prompt delivery of goods in the safe hands of customers has become extremely important factor   in the supply chain of industry be it in food industry like Zomato or Swiggy,  your daily household items from a local departmental store, and delivery of items in electronics like mobiles & laptops, household items like bed-sheets, furniture, lamps etc. from an E-commerce store like Amazon. or deliver your credit cards and important documents from Speed post and letters from ordinary post.

Employees working in both Postal and courier companies plan, organize, direct, control and evaluate activities and operations in postal facilities and in courier business.

Postal  and Courier Companies Job Description 

Both courier and postal company employees perform the following duties for their company at different job profiles.

1. They manage the activities and operations of postal facilities and courier service companies.

1. They coordinate the duties of supervisors and other staff.

1. They manage the movement of mail and parcels through postal and parcel sorting facilities.

1. They are responsible for the delivery of mail and parcels to the customers’ doorsteps.

1. They review the effectiveness of assigned operations and make changes to postal and courier operations.

1. They prepare and submit budget estimates and administer the expenses of postal and courier facilities.

1. They are responsible for hiring and providing for staff.

Courier Company vs. Postal Company 

Even though both Postal and Courier companies offer similar services they have many differences in their costs, quality and reliability.

Firstly, the Post Office is a government organization whereas courier services are run by private organizations.

Secondly, the prices at which postal companies offer their services are less than what you have to pay if you hire a courier company.

Thirdly the Postal companies’ services have limited features compared to that of courier companies. Being a government run organization the postal company is customer friendly nor is it that reliable and speedy vis- a -vis a courier company.

Courier companies also render services for big items like furniture and household items delivered in their trucks to our residents which the postal companies do not entertain.

What is a Postal Company? 

The Postal company is responsible for delivering mail(post), remitting money by money orders, providing life insurance coverage under Postal life insurance (PLI) and Rural Life Insurance (RPLI) , accepting deposits under Small Savings Schemes and providing retail services and providing retail services like bill collection, sale of forms, and other services. It is a total government organization.

The Indian Postal company comes under the department of posts which is a part of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology under the Government of India. There are 154,965 Post offices in India now. This makes a career in Indian Postal Services secure.

Here are a few of the services offered by the postal department.

1. Mail Services 

Mail services delivery of letters, postcards, Inland letter cards, book packets, value payable post, parcels, speed post articles, registered articles, etc.

2. Financial Services 

The postal company is responsible for payment of ordinary and instant money orders. Today the Post office offers financial services like saving schemes, postal life insurance, rural postal life insurance, fixed deposits scheme etc.

3. Philately  

The postal companies conduct philatelic activities like designing, printing, and distribution of special/commemorative postage stamps and other postage stamps/service postage stamps.They monitor and promote philatelic exhibition within the country, participate in international and world exhibitions. They are responsible for the management of the National Philatelic Museum, Dak -Bhawan.

4. Counter services 

Postal Companies offer counter services at post office like sale of postage stamps and postal stationery, booking of registered,insured, speed post and other mail articles, booking of money orders, electronic money order and philately products.

 

How can you start a Postal Company Career?

 

Joining a Postal company job near you requires certain skills and education qualification from the aspirants to qualify for the specific posts.

Skills 

Some of the necessary skills that are required for you to join a post office are given below.

• Strong Leadership skills
• Excellent organizational skills
• Problem solving
• Planning
• Decision making skills
• Self-Confidence
• Excellent communication and interpersonal skills
• Planning Skills

 Educational Qualifications  

Post office jobs require certain educational qualifications and certification from you to be eligible for different posts.

• First you must have passed your 10+2 examination from a recognized board.
• You must have completed a university degree or diploma from a recognized institute.
• You must have a few years of supervisory or operational experience within the postal facility.
• You can move to a senior management position with experience.

Since the educational qualifications for the candidate vary with the posts there are different eligibility criteria.

For example, the candidates applying for the posts of Postal assistants in post offices, Sorting Assistants in Railway Mail Service and Postal/Sorting Assistants in Army Postal Service should have the above educational qualifications with English as a compulsory subject.

The candidates must be able to read and write the local language of a particular state fluently and must have it as a subject till matriculation e.g.  one must have studied Telugu to be eligible for various posts in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

For Postal Assistants of Circle Office and Regional offices you must have a typing skill in Hindi at the speed of 25 words per minute or in English at the speed of 30 words per minute. Knowledge of computers is essential.

The recruitment on Indian Postal Services is carried out through written examination and interview. Senior Positions like those of Officers are carried out through civil service examination conducted by Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) which requires a bachelor’s degree.

You must be aged between 18 to 25-27 years to be eligible for the entrance exam. This age limit is relaxing Ible for SC/ST by 5 years and OBC by 3 years.

Career Scope in Postal Company in India 

In India the department of posts function under the brand name “India Post” which is under the government of India. It is generally referred to as the Post Office. A career in Indian Postal service may not be in league with government services like IAS, IPS, IPS, Bank PO, etc. but is a unique government job that offers job satisfaction and provides us the opportunity to serve people from all walks of life. Indian Postal Service (IPoS) comes under the category of Group “A” central Services of India and is a part of the Ministry of communications and Information Technology under the Government of India.

Indian Postal Company Job Profile

Candidates who are looking to make a career in an Indian Postal company can apply for a number of jobs as per the vacancy available. They have to fill out the Postal Service job application.

India has been divided into 13 postal circles. Each Circle is divided into regions. Each region is further divided into divisions and divisions have subdivisions.

With such a massive structure, there are plenty of postal job opportunities  available in the Indian Postal Service. Here are some of the job profiles available with the Indian Postal Company.

• Gramin Dak Sevak (GDK) 

Gramin Dak Sevak (GDS) is one of the most competitive jobs under the Indian Post.It has four job profiles which are given below.

• Branch Post Manager (BPM)
• Mail Deliverer (MD)
• Mail Carrier/Collector
• Packer

• Multi- Tasking Staff (MTS) 

Multi-Tasking staff are responsible for conducting miscellaneous duties in the post office.

• Postman or Mailman

Postman delivers mail and collects signatures from the recipients.

• Mail Guard 

The Mail Guard is responsible for checking and collecting the bags from sorting offices and delivering them to post offices in the early hours and vice versa.They are similar to postmen in terms of pay and job status.

• Postal Assistant or Mail Clerk

Postal Assistant is responsible for the disposal of mails and maintaining the data in Indian Postal Service.

• Postmaster 

A Postmaster is the head of an individual post office. He is responsible for all postal activities in a specific post office. He is responsible for an entire mail distribution, establishment of letter-carrier routes, supervision of letter carrier and clerks, and rules and regulations enforcement in the post office.

Salary in Postal Company 

The salary structure in a postal service department depends on the positions held by you. You can start your career in a postal service department as a trainer/probationer officer. Then can move on to junior time scale, senior time scale, junior administrative grade, senior administrative grade, principal chief postmaster, member postal service and then to secretary of India.

The Postal service department officers and employees are entitled for Basic pay + Dearness Allowance + Non-Practicing Allowance +Transport Allowance + House Rent Allowance + Special Allowance + House Rent Allowance + Transport Allowance according to their positions held.

What is a Courier Company? 

A courier company is a company that helps in the shipping and delivery of goods from one place to another. You just have to hire a courier company to deliver a particular product to your customer.

Courier Companies have evolved a lot since their inception that took place in ancient Greece where the concept of messengers was created to deliver messages. It was developed into an industry in Persia to deliver vital messages. The courier industry has now grown beyond the primary function of delivering messages to the intended recipients into a billion-dollar business. The technological advances have led to the advent of e-commerce and online stores that have become lifeline to thousands of other businesses who register their businesses here.These e-commerce companies accept orders and deliver the products to their customers.

Today we have many courier companies like FedEx, Blue Dart, DTDC, Delhivery, DHL etc. which operate all over the country and world.

Types of courier companies 

With hundreds of courier companies all over the world they are differentiated into four types.

1. Express Courier Companies 

These specialize in delivering packages and letters on the same day. This type of delivery service often works within city limits. Law firms use this type of courier service frequently.

2. International Courier Companies 

International Courier Companies are Global shipping companies who offer international shipping services. They have their own delivery trucks, buses and even jets to provide exceptional customer services to their clients. They work with other courier companies to rent these in case they don’t own one.

3. Overnight Courier companies

Overnight courier companies specialize in overnight delivery. They guarantee delivery of goods to their customers within 24 hours thus assuring them complete peace of mind.

4. Standard Courier companies 

Standard courier companies provide a reliable delivery service but with longer time limits.  

 How does a courier company work? 

It is important for us to know the working of a courier company for a courier service career.

A courier company delivers products to their customers.

The work is very simple. The customers are assigning a courier when the order is placed by them, and the courier company picks up and delivers the package to the receiver within the given period.

Most of the products that are handled by the courier companies are meant to be delivered to the customers.by various businesses. The rest are held by legal entities and individuals.

Some of the businesses that courier companies serve are E-Commerce, Groceries, Restaurants, Florists, Pharmacies, Hospitals, Clinics, Pet- stores and Beverages outlets.

Let us understand the organizational structure and key operations of a courier company to understand the working of a courier company.

Organization structure of a Courier company 

• Head Office   

The Head office forms the central command of a courier company. All the decisions regarding company strategy, finances, marketing and human resources are made.

• Branch Offices or Depots 

All Courier companies operate a network of branch offices or depots spread across all over the region. These offices serve as local hubs for courier operations like parcel collection, sorting and dispatching.

• Delivery Staff 

The delivery staff is the lifeline of a courier company. They are responsible for the last stage of delivery operations and ensure that the parcels reach their intended recipients safely.

• Support Staff 

The support staff consists of the customer service executive. They also provide tracking information to customers. They also handle queries and complaints of the customers.They also include a logistics planner, IT staff and others who ensure that the working goes smoothly.  

Key operations of a Courier company 

• Collection 

This operation includes collecting parcels from business premises. Courier depots or individual homes.

• Sorting 

All the parcels that are collected are brought to a central hub where they are categorized based on their destination postcodes. Nowadays courier companies use automated systems to sort parcels quickly and efficiently.

• Transportation  

This is the next stage of operation when the sorted parcels are transported to their respective destinations in two-wheelers, trucks. Vans, trains, planes and ships.

• Delivery 

Once the parcel reaches its destination area, they are further sorted out for individual couriers based on their delivery routes. The courier delivers the parcel to the recipient’s doorstep.

• Real-Time tracking and customer support 

Modern courier companies provide real-time tracking for parcels like scanning parcels at multiple points and updating the status on a central system that is accessible by customers.

All courier companies have customer service departments to handle customer queries, complaints, and provide information to customers about services, price and parcel status.

How can you Join a Courier company? 

You require a unique blend of skills and educational qualifications for jobs in a courier company.. Below is a list of skills  you might consider enhancing to qualify for courier company jobs.

• Physical Stamina
• Strong communication skills

• Good customer service skills
• Familiarity with Navigational tools like GPS to find efficient routes
• Clean driving skills
• Punctuality, time management and sense of urgency
• Reliability and trustworthiness.
• Leadership and teamwork
• Organizational skills

Educational Qualifications  

To Get a job in a courier service , you must have cleared your high school, which is the basic requirement. Then you must complete your bachelor’s degree. In a survey it was found that 35% of all employees working in courier companies in different positions are graduates. In case you want to reach senior management level in a courier company then you must have management degree in logistics, finance or administration depending on your job profile.

Why should one join a courier company? 

 

Market Overview 

The courier industry is set to witness significant growth worldwide in the coming years leading to the rise in demand for various  courier jobs. This growth is primarily due to the growing demand for services Industry, Wholesale and Retail Trade, manufacturing, Construction and Utilities, others.

The world courier industry is $467 billion in 2024 and is growing at a annual growth rate of 6.5% CAGR.

North America (US, Canada and Mexico) leads the courier market followed by Europe, Asia-Pacific and South America respectively.

Indian Scenario 

The Indian Courier industry is expected to be $8.50 billion by the year 2024 and is predicted to grow to $ 16 billion by 2030 with an astounding growth rate of 17% CAGR approx. This growth is attributed to the high growth of the E-commerce sector in India which has fueled the demand for courier service.

With this rapid expansion in the courier industry there is a lot of opportunities for the aspirants who want to join this industry both as an entrepreneur or as an employee.

Salary of courier executives 

The salary depends on the designation that one holds in a company. The Delivery executive in India earns a salary of Rs 165,000 to Rs 365,000 per annum. The managers earn much more.

Courier companies in India 

With more than 120 courier companies in the Indian market the current e-commerce penetration rate in 2023 was around 76.7%. Thus there are a lot of job vacancies in courier companies. Here is the list of top courier companies in India

• Blue Dart Express
• Delhivery courier service
• DHL Shipping Service
• DTDC Courier Service
• Gati Courier Service
• Xpress bees Courier service
• Fedex Courier Service
• E.Com Express

Conclusion 

The future growth rate of the courier industry is very fast, efficient and environmentally friendly due to the ongoing advancement of technology. Courier companies who are ready to embrace these technological innovations and continue to meet the expectations of their customer are going to stay ahead of their rivals in the industry

 

 

We all love to watch television. It is our favorite pastime. Since ages we as a family sat together and watched our favorite programs like serials, songs and movies  in our living room on television. The rapid growth of Cable Television, Satellite telecast and private television channels  that started during the nineties in India only strengthen this trend . This growth of cable television created a spurt in the demand for Cable television  technicians.

What is Cable Television Network?

Cable Television Networks are systems that transmit television signals through coaxial cables to homes and businesses.The subscribers to these network get a wide range of channels and services including live TV, on-demand content, and interactive features that a mainstream television channel cannot provide.Now days cable TV networks use a combination of fibre-optic cables and coaxial cables to transmit signals from a central hub to individual households.

What are Cable television technicians?

Cable television service  technicians are technical persons who have an expertise to install, maintain and repair cable and satellite television and internet signals and associated equipment like set up box and dish antennas in homes and commercial buildings.

Cable television maintenance technicians  do the after service like maintaining and repairing cable television transmission and distribution systems and associated hardware.

Both are employed by the Cable and Satellite television companies. They work in these companies under different designation as cable television installer, cable television service provider , CATV technician, direct broadcast satellite (DBS) technician, cable television installation technician, cable television maintenance technician, etc.

Cable television service technicians Job Description

Here are some of the tasks that cable television service technicians perform.

⦁    It is their responsibility to communicate with subscribers and company personnel to determine work assignments.

⦁    Cable television service technicians connect,disconnect, relocate cable outlets. They install splitters,converters,decoders,satellite and pay TV equipment and other cable hardware for the subscribers.

⦁    They install modems and software to enable Internet access at our premises.

⦁    They also inspect,test and repair cable and satellite television signals and associated at our premises.

Cable television maintenance technicians Job Description

Here are the duties of the cable television maintenance technicians.

⦁    The cable television maintenance technicians maintain and repair main aerial and underground coaxial and fibre- optic cable television transmission lines, trunking and related distribution and interconnecting systems include power supplies and amplifiers.

⦁    It is their duty to inspect, monitor, test and adjust cable transmission and distribution systems.

⦁    The maintenance technicians repair, replace faulty cables,power supplies, lifiers and other associated transmission and distribution equipment.

⦁    They communicate with other workers to coordinate the preparation and completion of work assignments.

 

How can you become Cable Television Service and Maintenance technicians?

Here are some of the skills that are required to become a cable television service and maintenance technician.

⦁    Customer service skill

Since a cable technician requires frequent interaction with existing subscribers and to develop new customers you will have to have good communication skills and ability to offer excellent customer service to the customers will help you to keep your customers happy as well their good feedback will help you get more new customers.

⦁    Problem solving skills

Providing quick and efficient solutions to the customers is very important in retaining them. All the problems of the customers must be solved in a calm and effective manner.

⦁    System Installation

As a cable technician you must be able to install the cable system and set new systems for your clients.This skill will require you to understand the different tools and equipment, materials, and processes for different kind of installation.Also you must be able to set up and repair fibre- optic, copper, and coaxial cables. You must be able to use them with modulators,multiplexers and telephone systems.

⦁    Communication skills

You must have excellent communication skills in order to interact with your customers and work with your colleagues.

Education qualifications for Cable television technicians

Here are the steps for you to become a Cable Technician

⦁    Complete your High School

To become a cable technician you must have to at least pass your 10+2 exam.

⦁    Complete your graduation or apprenticeship in electronics

You must either complete your graduation in electronics

or

You can combine your graduation, correspondence or industry courses related to electronics and electrical systems and on-the – job- training.

or

You can complete a four year cable television technician apprenticeship program if required.

⦁    Get Trade Certifications

After you complete your apprenticeship program, you can also apply for various certification programs for electricians or related fields issued by provisional regulatory bodies.Some companies require their employees to undergo a Certified Network Cable Installer(CNCI) certification.Under CNCI program, individuals get training on network cable infrastructure installations,terminations and testings, industry standards and best practices.Most cable technicians receive training in areas such as cable system troubleshooting and repairs, customer service , copper cabling and fibre-optic installations.

Some of the popular certificate and training programs for cable TV network technicians in India are given below.

1.   Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers (SCTE) Certifications
2.   National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NCTA) Certifications

⦁    Apply to various positions

You can now apply to various companies after completing your apprenticeship program and certification.

 

List of institutions offering Cable TV Network technician courses .

Here are a few institutes that offer cable TV technician training and courses in India.

⦁    Savitribai Phule Pune University

⦁    Dr Sudhir Chandra Sur Degree Engineering College, Kolkata

⦁    BBS College Of Engineering And Technology BBSCET, Allahabad

⦁    Greater Kolkata College Of Engineering & Management, Baruipur

⦁    Electronics Sector Skills Council of India (ESSCI), New Delhi

⦁    Madras University Cable Tv Network Technician Course ,Madras University, Chennai

Why to become a Cable TV Network Technician?

Let us look at the market scenario of Cable Television in both Global and Indian context.

Global Market Overview

Like in any other career-path we choose to follow, the first question that arises in our mind is whether Cable Technician is a good career. We are curious to know because of the time,hard work  and money that we are going to put into this career.Here are the facts of Cable TV Market.

The Global Market of broadcasting and Cable TV is valued at US $ 298.18 Billion in 2023. It is projected to reach US$ 371.4 Billion by 2030.The growth rate of the market is expected to be about 3.2 % annually during this period.

The US, China and European Market play a key role in this period and control the major share of the market.

The Global Broadcasting and Cable Television market has been witnessing a high growth in recent years. The main reasons are attributed to factors like increasing environmental concerns,government incentives, and advancements in technology.

The Broadcasting and Cable TV market presents opportunities for various stakeholders. This includes TV advertising and Subscriptions.The growing demand from the consumer has led to this growth.The growth on high speed internet has made it possible for the customers to watch television series online.

Here is the market segmentation of the Broadcasting and Cable Television by Type and Application between period 2019 and 2030.

Market Segment by Type

⦁    Terrestrial Television

⦁    Cable TV

⦁    Satellite Television.

Market Segment by Application

⦁    TV advertising

⦁    Subscriptions

⦁    Others

Market segment by Region and Country

⦁    North America ( US, Canada, Mexico)

⦁    Europe(Germany,France, UK, Italy, Spain, Rest of Europe)

⦁    Asia- Pacific(China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia,Rest of APAC)

⦁    The Middle East  and Africa( Middle East, Africa)

⦁    South and Central America(Brazil, Argentina, Rest of SCA)

The Major Global  in Cable Companies in the Market.

⦁    Vivendi SA

⦁    British Broadcasting Corporation

⦁    Viacom

⦁    British Sky Broadcasting Group

⦁    Time Warner

Indian Market Overview

In India, the Broadcasting and Cable TV market was valued at US$ 13.61 billion in 2023. The market is anticipated to grow at the annual growth rate of 7.85% in the period of 2013 and 2029.

The broadcast of free-to-air television is governed through state-owned Prasar- Bharti corporation, with the Doordarshan group of channels being the only broadcaster.Therefore cable television is the primary source of entertainment in India.

In 2020 there were 103 million cable television households across India. The Indian cable television is 100% digital which has led to the proliferation of High definition and Ultra High Definition channels.The growth of Over the Top (OTT) platforms and video on demand has revolutionized the consumer access and content.Today Cable TV market has wide array of streaming content including International giants like Netflix and  Amazon Prime and the homegrown services like Hotstar and ZEE 5.Thus the consumers have a vast library of content on a multiple devices and can watch their best television shows on Netflix..

The entry of High speed internet and Smartphones, Smart TV has led to this revolution in the Broadcast and cable tv market in India.

Here is the market segmentation of the Broadcasting and Cable Television by Type and Application .

Market segmentation by Type

⦁    Cable TV

⦁    Satellite TV

⦁    Internet Protocol TV

⦁    Digital Terrain TV

Market by Revenue Generation

⦁    Subscriptions

⦁    Advertising

⦁    Public Funds

Market Segmentation by Region

⦁    North

⦁    South

⦁    West

⦁    East

The Major market players in the Indian market 

⦁    Siti Network limited

⦁    Den Network Limited

⦁    Tata Sky Limited

⦁    GTPL Hathway Limited

⦁    Sun Direct TV Private Limited

⦁    Dish TV India Limited

⦁    Bharti Telemedia Limited

⦁    NX Digital Limited

⦁    Fastway Transmission Pvt limited

⦁    Asianet Satellite Communications Limited

You can work in these companies at different job profiles like Cable TV Technician,Network Installation Technician, Broadband Technician and Cable TV Installer technician.

What is the Cable TV technician Salary?

The average annual salary of cable tv technician is between Rs 8139 to Rs 8895 per month.

The Future

The future of India Broadcast and Cable TV network relies on its ability to innovate and integrate with the emerging technologies. Since the growth of this network is growing at a rate that is greater than that of the global market there are tremendous opportunities in terms of providing employment opportunities. Plus there is an ever increasing scope for one to start his own private operating service in the neighborhood. One can look towards Broadcast and Cable TV network as a employment growing sector in the near future.

 

 

Talent is a rare quality which very few of us possess.It requires a lot of knowledge, skill, natural talent and passion to do something that is unique and has value in the society.Something that others admire. Very few of us can excel as actors, singers, dancers, sportsmen  and so on . Even fewer of us have the talent and passion to enter the exotic and illustrious world of Painting Artist career and the Sculpture career.It is a rare talent  that only a small fraction of us possess.

If this Talent or God-Gift can be harness in a proper manner one can succeed tremendously in his career.He will have to cultivate this raw talent into something that is productive and beneficial to the society.No doubt we have scientific methods  and tools to identify, cultivate and harness these talents in the early childhood in schools from where one can go a long way.

Let us discuss about the career as painter and a sculpture separately in this article

Painting Artist Career

Painting and Painter

Painting is a form of art that helps people gain knowledge about history, increase cultural appreciation, and enhance creativity.

Painting Artists are those people who use their unique talent to create visual art in different mediums. For this they use different techniques and materials to create the art form.

Let us explore the career in painting, steps to pursue this creative field and look at some career opportunities as Painter.

Advantages of Painting Artist Career?

Painting Artist career is highly fulfilling and rewarding. A good painter is recognized all over the world and his talents are widely appreciated.His painting can command a heft price both in terms of prestige and money.Painters work at fine and commercial studios, museums, galleries, or exhibitions. Let us look at the reasons for us to pursue a career as a painter.

1. Painting Artist Career helps in Self-Expression

Painting brings out creativity inside you to the people who appreciate it.It helps you to develop your identity and personality.It is also a form of communication of your thoughts and recording your personal experiences.

2. It brings a sense of purpose and Self-fulfillment

Being a creative process that brings a sense of purpose and fulfillment, painting contributes towards your personal development. It helps you to understand new perspectives and sense of pride that contributes to your well-being and realize your creative vision.

3. It offers flexibility

Painting offers a wide range of opportunities with the possibility of freelancing, commission work, gallery exhibitions and teaching.

4. It offers autonomy

Painters enjoy creative freedom. You have greater control over your work as a painter than any other profession.You can build your own business and work independently as a painter.

How to Start a Painting Artist Career?

It is true that that most painters have a natural talent within them that can take them a long way in their career path if guided by proper training and good teacher.Of course not everyone of us  can get a teacher like Dronacharya, yet we can succeed if they have inclination to win the struggle against all odds.

To become a successful painter you must plan strategically.You must discover the answer to why you want to become a painter, your niche as painter to convey proper expressions or ideas.

Your brush strokes define your signature styles.

Master painters like Leonardo da Vinci, Claude Monet , Pablo Picasso, and Jackson Pollock were able to solve technical challenges on perspective perception, color, and form. Successful painters are able to document their observations throughout history in various styles such as figurative, abstraction, narrative, compositional, symbolic, landscapes, and still life.

Movements or Schools of Realism , Impressionism, Surrealism, Modernism, and Photorealism characterize the types of paintings.

Painters also have a choice of medium and technique. They have the choice to use gouache,acrylic, ink, pastel, or spray paint on canvas, glass, metals,walls, or concrete.

Following are the steps that you need to pursue to be successful in your ambition to become a painter.

1. Complete your education

You must complete your 10 + 2 examination with a minimum of 45% or above from a recognized board.

After that you can opt for a course in painting through a bachelor’s degree , diploma, certification or an online course in painting.

You need to prepare for university entrance examinations such as Common University Entrance Test(CUET), Jamia Millia Islamia Engineering Entrance Examination(JMIEEE), Fine Arts and Design Entrance Examination(FADEE), and Aligarh Muslim University Entrance Exam(AMUEE).

Some of the undergraduate degrees include a Bachelor of Fine Arts(BFA), a BFA in painting and Bachelor of Arts in Drawing and Painting.You may also go for advanced degrees such as Master of Arts(MA) and Master’s of Fine Arts(MFA().

2. Polish your Skills

You must be able to identify your strengths and weaknesses,enhance creative growth, and find your style of painting.This will help you to hone your skills. You can also read art books, study art experts, take art workshops, and visit galleries to learn more about various forms, and styles of painting.All these tasks will help you in finding your niche and creating your signature style.

3. Take Internship

Internships help you to get first hand experience of the job which you are about to take in the industry.Therefore you must apply for art internships for painting which will help you get a full time job at art galleries, museums, advertising firms, film studios and publishing companies.

4. Learn about the business of art.

You will have to work under a Mentor to learn about the essential principles of running an art business to help you in finding your career path. Your mentor will help you understand the art world and how things work there. He will guide you, offer constructive criticism and feedback and help you introduce you to galleries, collectors and other artists.

5. Grow your Professional Network

You will have to create contact and grow your professional network in the art domain to help you in your career growth.You can do this by attending gallery openings, museums and exhibitions to meet other painters, curators, and collectors. You will also have to create an online presence on social media platforms to connect to a wider audience and grow your network.You can also meet other industry experts,gain experience and build relationships by volunteering at art  events and galleries.

Scope of Painting Artist Career

Most of us may have the secret desire, talent and skills to become a painter but the idea of a “Starving Artist” deters us.This fear deters us to make a career in many other professions also. Most of us choose this career to become a “Thriving artist” which remain a distant dream at the beginning of the career.

If you want to make big as painter in the industry your career path must not be linear.You will have to do additional jobs to support yourselves.To be a successful painter you will have many ups and down in your career.You must be able to ride in the rough times.The qualities of patience, persistence and consistent practice to achieve success in the art world play a very important role here if you possess them.

Like any other profession you will have to start somewhere to start your career as painter.Initially you will not earn much but the earning will increase once you gain recognition and become an established artist.

In the U.S. the average painting career salary as per the Bureau of Labor Statistics(BSL), the average income for artists (including painters, sculptors and illustrators) is Rs 50,000 in 2019.But most painters will have to sell their art to the public. For this they will have to set up their own shop to sell their paintings.

In India the average painting career salary in India is Rs 55,576 per month as per Glassdoor. The average additional cash compensation for an Artist in India is Rs 30,576 with a range from Rs 11,500 to Rs 1,15,500.

Painting Artist Job Description

After completing your specialization and internship in painting here are some painting artist jobs offered to you by the industry.

1. Fine Art Painter

Fine Art Painters paint their subjects in a variety of styles like realism,impressionism,expressionism, and abstract.

2. Art Restorer

The work of an Art Restorer is to preserve, repair and restore various cultural artworks such as sculptors, painting, and antiquities to their original condition.

3. Art Curator

Art curators acquire. collect and catalogue artwork and exhibit them in art galleries, museums and heritage centres.

4. Scientific Illustrator

The role of the scientific illustrators is to produce highly detailed images of plants, animals, human anatomy or geological formations.

5. Art Teacher

Art teachers compile and teach lessons on art, and art history to meet the learning objectives.They also maintain art records, artworks and art portfolios of students.

6. Set Designer

Set designers study scripts to understand the scriptwriter’s vision and work with directors to create concepts for production.

 Sculpture Career in India

The roots of sculpture are embedded in folk arts,religion, traditions and culture. It is the visual expressions of three dimensions in solid form.

Sculptors and Sculptures?

 

Sculptors are artists who create art by using materials like clay, wood, and stone. A sculptor is an expert in carving man-made or natural objects into art pieces and statues.

Sculpture is an art of creating objects that feature a person, thing or an idea using materials like terracotta, stone ,clay wood, metal, etc. The art which was practiced since the primitive era has undergone tremendous evolution with new forms and technology.Sculpture is the visual expression of three dimensions in a solid form.

The world class sculpture “The Thinker” was created by the Sculptor  “Auguste Rodin”.

Skills required for a Sculptor Career

Sculptors must have following qualities to be successful in their career.

1.   Dedication
2.   Expressive skills in sculpture
3.   Creativity
4.   Experience
5.   Attention to Detail
6.   Good Kinesthetic Coordination
7.   Ability to innovate
8.   Artistic Vision
9.   Computer Literacy
10.   Marketing skills
11.   Presentation skills
12.   Ability to visualize

How to start a Sculptor Career in India?

In case  have some kind of artistic skill you can consider becoming a sculptor as a career. For that you will have to take up any course in art or sculpture and make your career in the field. Although a tough course initially it will have a promising field that will lead to generating a good income for you in the future.

There are several courses available in sculpture such as bachelor’s and master’s programs as well as diploma and certificate courses.The courses provide both theoretical and practical knowledge of the subject.You learn subjects like 2D design,drawing,painting,wood and stone carving, etc.You also gain knowledge of various subjects like history of art, Indian and Western aesthetics, drawing and painting, mural painting, landscape painting, etching and lithography, still life painting, composition, life study, printmaking, etc.

Are you fascinated by the artwork in Indian culture and have some kind of artistic skill? Have you considered making such art your career? If yes, you can take any course in art or sculpture and make your career in this field. It seems tough initially but it is a very promising field that will lead to generating a good income for you in the future. Learn through this article the scope of sculpture and available courses to lead you on the right career path in this field.

There are several courses available in sculpture, such as bachelor’s and masters’ programs, as well as diploma and certificate courses. Courses are designed in such a way that they provide both theoretical and practical knowledge of the subject. Students learn 2D design, drawing, painting, wood and stone carving, etc.

Some of the courses in sculpture are given below.

1. Bachelors of Fine arts in Sculpture (B.F.A. in Sculpture)

After completing your 10+2 board examination which is the minimum eligibility for this course you can join the B.F.A. program. It is a four year degree course consisting of 8 semesters.The students receive both foundation and professional training in sculpture. They learn the basics of drawing, color design, and adequate knowledge of the history of art and aesthetics.

Admission to the BFA programe may be through merit or entrance exams.

2. Master of Fine Arts in Sculpture, Painting and Visual Communication. (M.F.A.)

MFA is a postgraduate course.It is a two years course and helps students to develop as practicing artists in the visual arts.The course helps students to study  major disciplines lime drawing, painting, printmaking, sculpture, performance, installation, photo media, and time-based art.

The minimum eligibility for candidates to seek admission to MFA in sculpture is a degree in BFA.The admission to this program is either on merit or entrance exam.

3. Master of Visual Arts in Sculpture(Portraiture/Composition)

MVA in sculpture is a three year full time program consisting of four course.In this programme the students learn the history of art and technique, the social aspect of traditional art forms in India, philosophy of art, creative crafts, research methodology, and specialization subjects.

The minimum eligibility to join this program is that students must pass their 10+2 board and complete their BVA or BFA programme.Admission is based on merit or sometimes through entrance exam.

4. Post Graduate Diploma in Sculpture

This Postgraduate diploma course is a one year course of two semesters.It is offered both full time and part time by many universities and colleges.Admission is based on merit or an entrance exam.

5. Diploma in Fine Arts in Sculpture

It is a one year course where students gain practical skills in the sculpture.

Eligibility condition is 10+2 from a recognized board. The admission is through a merit or entrance exam.

6. Certificate course in Sculpture

Some universities like IGNOU offer certificate courses in sculpture for six months.

The minimum eligibility is 10th grade.

Scholarships

In India the Ministry of culture takes care of the Arts and Culture. It has offered several schemes like providing scholarships to the young and deserving  artists in this art. Some of the popular scholarships are given below.

⦁    The Emerging Arts Award by the foundation for Indian Contemporary Art(FICA).

⦁    ICCR Scholarship Scheme by Indian Council for Cultural Relations.

⦁    Khoj Fellowship

⦁    Lalit Kala Akademi Scholarships

⦁    Ratan Tata Trust Scholarship

⦁    Sanskriti- Kalakriti Fellowships

⦁    Sitaram Jindal Foundation Scholarships

⦁    Khoj Fellowships

⦁    Current Talent Search Scholarship Scheme Krishnakriti Foundation in Hyderabad in Hyderabad and French Embassy.

Colleges Studies in Sculptures

Here are few of the colleges where you can seek information in case you want to make your career in Sculpture.

⦁    Banaras Hindu University(BHU), Varanasi

⦁    Delhi College of Arts and Commerce, New Delhi

⦁    Government College of Fine Arts, Thrissur

⦁    Indra Gandhi National Open University(IGNOU), New Delhi

⦁    Indra Kala Sangit Viswavidyalaya,Khairagarh

⦁    Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi

⦁    Jawahar Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University(JNAFAU), Hyderabad

⦁    Sir J.J. Institute of Applied Art, Mumbai

⦁    Ipcowala- Santram College of Fine Arts, Vallabh Vidyanager

⦁    Lalit Kala Academy Scholarships

⦁    Foundation for Indian Contemporary(FICA)

Why to start a Sculpture Career in India?

You can find work in art galleries, art studios, theaters and their websites, artefact shops, architectural firms, gaming firms, toy shops, manufacturing firm, national heritage sites, colleges and universities, museums, advertising firms, and government offices after completing your course in sculpture.Skilled sculptors are in high demand and there is lot of  good job opportunities for Sculpture.

Job Profiles of Sculptors

Here are few of the job-profiles of sculptors which you can work as.

1. 3D Texturing Artist

This job is suitable for persons who are interested in 3D animated objects.

2. Stone Sculptor

One can take this job if he is interested and talented in stone carving.

3. Freelance Artist

Freelance Artists work for a short term or contractual basis.

4. Sculptor/ Modeler/Clay Modeler/Molder

This job is good for those who are experts in plastic,clay or wax.

5. Craft Artist

Craft Artist creates artwork for specific purposes ike an exhibition or sale using different types of materials and techniques..

6. Art and Craft Teacher

You can work as an Art and Craft teacher in schools and colleges and teach drawing and art skills to the upcoming students in sculpture.

7. Lecturer and Professor

In case you completed a higher degree in sculpture you can also apply for the post of lecturer and professor in colleges.

8. Clay-Pottery Trainer

They are in huge demand and they make and paint clay statues.You can work as trainer in clay-pottery training centres.

9. Art Directors

You can also work as art directors for magazines, style and aesthetics of a project. They determine how to situate art and which pieces to use for the best impact.

10. Woodworker/Carpenter

One can work as a carpenter and get involved in the construction of furniture, and woodwork in buildings, shops and houses.

11. Metalworker

Metalworkers are required by a large number of industries where they are required to create artwork using metals.

12. Furniture Designers

Furniture Designers are hired by reputable furniture companies and design firms.

13. Interior Decorator/ Designer

If you are creative you can work as interior designer and decorators.

14. Exhibition Designer

As Exhibition designer you collaborate with curators to plan themed exhibitions and shows of artists’ works.

Salary of Sculptor

At the entry level you can earn from Rs 2,16,000 to Rs 3,50,000 a year. This can further increase to Rs 500,000 per year once you have  gained experience.Right now the market can give RS 5,000 per month to Rs 50,000 per month in various institutions of Sculptures given above where you can work with different job profiles.You can earn even more say in lacs per month as your network grows.

Conclusion

Both these fields comes under Fine Arts which is a much broader field and includes many more subjects like Artist, Muralist,Ice Carver, Portrait Artist, Illustrator etc.If you are a creative soul and love to paint and sculpturing you can consider a career in Painting and Sculpture. You can draw inspiration from India’s top fine artists like Maqbool Fida Husain, Francis Newton Souza, Syed Haider Raza, Francis Newton to name a few.

 

Doctors and Surgeons are medical professional who play a very important role in helping us live a healthy life.

Here we are going to discuss career paths related to the profession of Doctors and Surgeons.

1. Geriatric Physician

Geriatric Physician diagnoses and treats a wide range of diseases and conditions that affect people as they grow old. In fact, a geriatric physician is a primary care doctor who specializes in treating adults aged 65 and above. Apart from general health they also treat age-related conditions including dementia, osteoporosis, incontinence, cancer, hearing loss, vision loss, osteoarthritis, and insomnia.They provide integrative care, diagnose a variety of conditions, and help you maintain a high quality of life.

Types of Geriatric Doctors

You can have nine different career paths to become geriatric doctors.

⦁    Geriatric Physician

⦁    Geriatric Social Labor

⦁    Geriatric Nurse

⦁    Geriatric Pharmacist

⦁    Eldercare assistant

⦁    Physician Assistant

⦁    Geriatric Physiotherapist

⦁    Patient Therapist

⦁    Hearing Therapist

How can you become a Geriatric Doctor?

To become a Geriatric Doctor, you must first complete the following steps.

⦁    You must pass your 12th in science with physics. Chemistry and biology.

⦁    You must complete your MBBS which is a five-year course including your internship from a government recognized medical college after passing NEET.

⦁    After completing your MBBS and internship you must now pass NEET PG and get admission to Doctor in Medicine (MD) in geriatrics which is a three-year specialization course.

⦁    After completing their MD in Geriatrics, you can either go into the job market to get a Job or go for Super specialisation course in geriatrics.

Salary of a Geriatric Doctor

You can now earn a salary ranging from Rs 35,000 to Rs 60,000 depending on your seniority and experience.

2. Anaesthesiologist  

An Anaesthetist is a medical professional who specializes in the use and administration of anaesthesia on patients before and during various medical procedures and surgeries. Thus, an anaesthetist is a medical professional who specializes not only in the field of anesthesiology but also in pharmacology, physiology, and other areas that directly relate to administering anaesthesia to patients administering and monitoring anaesthesia to patients.

An Anesthetist must also have knowledge on how to monitor a patient’s blood pressure, airways, and respiration rates, as well as their pulmonary and cardiovascular health throughout a medical procedure.

Types of Anaesthesist

Here are a few of the career paths that you can become after completing your education and training.

⦁    Medical Consultant

⦁    Clinical Associate

⦁    Associate Consultant

⦁    Nurse anaesthetist

⦁    Anaesthesiologist assistant

⦁    Anaesthesia technician

How can you become an Anaesthesiologist?

You must follow these steps to pursue this career path.

Step 1

You must complete your 10+2 in science with physics, chemistry and biology.

Step 2

You must sit and clear the common medical entrance exam National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET), to get admission in a medical college for MBBS which is a five-and-a-half-year course including internship. In this program you will learn the basics of anaesthesia technology and techniques in an operation theatre.

Step 3

After completing your MBBS you will have to pursue your post graduate program in anaesthesia. For that you will have to clear the Post graduate exam (NEET-PG). You will now receive hands-on training on different anaesthetic procedures and how to monitor patients during anaesthesia.

Step 4

Now you will begin working as an anaesthetist in a residency program after completing your post-graduation in anaesthetist . These programmes will provide skills and experience on the job.

Step 5

The residency program will help you to undergo specialisation in a particular type of anaesthesia like an expert in working with infants or administering cardiac anaesthesia. You must participate in a training programme at a hospital or clinic to learn a specific skill set to begin your work with or without a speciality.

3. Rheumatologist

Rheumatologists are medical doctors who use their medical knowledge to diagnose and treat musculoskeletal and autoimmune disorders. They assist their patients by evaluating their symptoms and ordering diagnostic imaging.They also make recommendations to prevent the progression of Rheumatic disease.

Rheumatology is a branch of internal medicine and Rheumatologists are also called Internists.

Rheumatologists treat 100 different types of diseases and other conditions that rheumatologists treat.They treat diseases like Osteoarthritis,musculoskeletal pain disorders, osteoporosis,gout, back pain, fibromyalgia, and tendonitis.

Steps to become a Rheumatologist

You will have to follow these steps in order to become a Rheumatologist.

Step 1

You must pass your 10 + 2 in physics,chemistry and biology to be eligible for the medical entrance exam.

Step 2

You will have to clear your medical entrance exam(NEET) to obtain a MBBS degree in a government recognized medical college.It is a five and a half year course that includes internship.

Step 3

After clearing your NEET, you will now have to clear the PG-NEET exam to complete your post graduation or MD in Rheumatology.

Step 4

Aget completing their specialisation or post graduation in Rheumatology you can either go for super-specialization in Rheumatology or apply for a job.

Salary of a Rheumatologist

Rheumatologist salary in a government sector is about Rs 35,000 per month depending on his experience and expertise. He is al;so entitled for other benefits like free accommodation, medical coverage, pension,paid vacation,sick day leave etc. Those who are employed in the private sector can earn upto Rs 60,000 per month.Those who have their own clinic can earn much more.

4. Pediatrician

A Pediatrician is a medical specialist who treats physical,developmental and behavioural conditions of the patients who are under 18. These include newborns,infants,toddlers,children,adolescents, and young adults.They diagnose, prevent and treat infections, diseases and behavioural conditions that may affect kids and adolescents.

Pediatricians also monitor the growth and development of foetuses throughout pregnancy.They also offer counseling guidance to parents and guardians who manage their children’s health and condition.

Types of Pediatricians

Paediatricians’ subspecialities include the following types.

⦁    Adolescent medicine specialists

⦁    Child abuse pediatricians

⦁    Critical care pediatricians

⦁    Developmental behavioural pediatricians

⦁    Neonatal-perinatal pediatricians

⦁    Pediatric Cardiologists

⦁    Pediatric Endocrinologists

⦁    Pediatric heart surgeons

⦁    Pediatric Gastroenterologists

⦁    Pediatric Nephrologists

⦁    Pediatric Neurologists

⦁    Pediatric Oncologists

⦁    Pediatric Pulmonologists

⦁    Pediatric Rheumatologists

How to become a Pediatrician?

To become a Pediatrician in India you must follow these steps.

Step 1

Applicants must complete their 10+2 in science with physics,chemistry and biology.

Step 2

After completing their 10+2, they must now appear for the medical entrance exam (NEET) in India. After qualifying NEET they must get admission in a recognized medical college to complete their MBBS which is a five and a half year course.

Step 3

After completing their MBBS with minimum 55% the candidates will have to get admission in Post graduate course(MD) in pediatrics for further specialisation.

Step 4

The candidates now have the option either to go for a job as a paediatrician in a hospital or can go for further specialisation in paediatrics by taking a Ph.D.

Salary of Paediatrician

The annual salary of the Paediatrician with 10-20 years of experience is about Rs20 lacs. The paediatrician in his mid career i.e. with 4 to 9 years of experience earns Rs 13 lacs per year.

5. Ophthalmologists

An ophthalmologist is a doctor who specialises in treating,diagnosing and researching various eye and vision diseases.Opthalmologists diagnose and treat eye diseases like glaucoma, perform eye examinations,conduct cataract surgery,help patients to perform eye-exercises, perform reconstructive surgery and research different neurological diseases that affect the part of brain controlling your vision.They also prescribe abd correctional procedures to patients.

Types of Opthalmologist

There are different types of Ophthalmologists with different sub-specialists. Some of them are given below.

⦁    Cataract ophthalmologist

⦁    Oculoplastic ophthalmologist

⦁    Ocular ophthalmologist

⦁    Cornea ophthalmologist

⦁    Neuro- ophthalmologist

⦁    Pediatric ophthalmologist

How to become an Ophthalmologist?

Here are the steps for you to follow in your career-path to become an ophthalmologist.

Step 1

You must complete your high school in science with physics, chemistry and biology to be eligible for the medical entrance exam (NEET)

Step 2

Once you have cleared your NEET you will have to get admission in a government recognized medical college for your MBBS course which is for five and a half years including one year compulsory internship internship.

Step 3

After completing your MBBS degree you must now pursue your specialisation in opthalmology.You must get aminimum 60% in your NEET-PG which is a qualifying exam for Post-graduation.For that you must complete either complete your MS in Opthalmology which is a two years postgraduate course that offers post graduation or your MD which is a three years specialisation course.

Step 4

Now you must pursue a sub-speciality that focuses on a particular condition or region of the eye. The specialisation in these sub-specialization will help you pursue what type of opthalmologist you will become later in your career.

Step 5

Once you have completed your specialisation program and chosen your sub-speciality, you can apply for jobs in hospitals and research centers in both the private and government sector.

Salary of an Ophthalmologist

Ophthalmologists in India can get a salary upto Rs 97,000 per month.It varies whether you are working in a government or private sector, your experience, your location of work and many other factors.

6. An Obstetrician – Gynecologist

An obstetrician is a doctor who provides care during childbirth,including preconception,delivery, and postnatal care.A Gynecologist specializes in providing treatment and solutions for women’s reproductive health issues.

An Obstetrician- Gynecologist is a medical professional who specializes in both obstetrics and gynecologist.They help patients in various issues, such as female reproduction and sexual health pregnancy and the delivery process.They perform surgical procedures such as uterine fibroid resections and caesarean sections.These specialists also provide family planning services to their patients.

How to become an OB-GYN specialist in India?

In case you want to become an OB-GYN specialist in India you must take the following steps.

Step 1

You must complete your 10+2 in science with physics,chemistry and biology to be eligible for medical entrance test(NEET)

Step 2

After clearing NEET you must take admission in a government recognized college to complete your MBBS and Internship which lasts for 5 and a half years.

Step 3

After completing your MBBS and Internship you now clear the Post-graduate medical entrance exam NEET-PG to get admission in a 3 years specialisation course in OB-GYN.You must complete your MD or MS in OB-GYN.

Step 4

Now you can complete your senior fellowship to become an assistant professor. Or you can practise your OB-GYN in a hospital by taking up a job.

Salary of an OB-GYN in India

The average salary of an OB-GYN in India ranges from Rs 8.5 lacs  Rs 24 lacs per year.The entry level gets a salary of Rs 300,000 per year and it increases rapidly with experience.

7. Plastic Surgeons

A plastic surgeon is a licensed medical professional who performs cosmetic surgeries such as facelifts,nose jobs. They also perform reconstructive surgeries for patients with facial and abnormalities caused by burns, injury,birth defects, disease or ageing.

Plastic surgeons generally serve high profile clients or patients recovering from illness or accidents.

Types of Plastic Surgeons

Plastic surgeons are divided as per their expertise.You must choose wisely on what type of plastic surgeon you want to become. Here are four types of plastic surgeon for you to choose.

1. Facial Procedures Plastic Surgeon
2. Body Contouring Plastic Surgeon
3. Implant Specialist Plastic Surgeon
4. Non- Surgical Procedures

How can you become a Plastic Surgeon?

Here are the steps for you to follow to become a plastic surgeon in India.

Step 1

You must complete your high school in science with physics, chemistry and biology with minimum 50% to be eligible for NEET.

Step 2

The candidate must now get admission for MBBS in a government recognized college after passing NEET. It is a five and a half year course including your internship.

Step 3

Now you must complete your specialization in Plastic surgery by completing your post graduation (M.S.) in plastic surgery.

Step 4

Now you can apply for a job in a government or private hospital as a plastic surgeon.

Salary of a Plastic Surgeon

The average salary of a Plastic Surgeon in India is Rs 18 lakhs per annum.It ranges from Rs lakhs per month to Rs 1 crores per year at the entry level to Rs 1 crores per year.

8. Emergency Medicine Physician

Emergency medicine physicians are doctors who treat patients having life-threatening conditions and are in critical situation.They job is to resuscitate and stabilise a patient’s breathing and heart rate and take care of them until they reach an appropriate care facility like an intensive care unit of a hospital or another hospital.

How to become an Emergency Medicine Physician?

Here are the steps you must follow to become an Emergency Medicine Physician.

Step 1

You must complete your 10+2 in science with physics, chemistry and biology with minimum 50% to be eligible for NEET.

Step 2

You must complete your MBBS from a recognized medical college after clearing your NEET.

Step 3

You must complete your post graduation to specialise in Emergency Medicine.

Step 4

You can now apply for a job as an Emergency Medicine Physician in a hospital or can go for a doctorate(MD) in Emergency Medicine.

Salary of a Emergency Medicine Physician

The salary of the Emergency Medicine Consultant ranges from Rs 2 lacs per year at the entry level to Rs 30 lacs per year at the senior level.The average annual salary of the physician is Rs 18 lacs per month.

9. Psychiatrist

A Psychiatrist specialises in diagnosing,treating, and preventing mental health disorders.They do this by assessing their patient’s psychological,emotional adn behavioural symptoms using various techniques.Some of these techniques are interviews,observations,and diagnostic tests.They also develop and prescribe treatment plans that may include psychotherapy, medication management, lifestyle recommendations and even hospitalisation in extreme cases.

How to become a Psychiatrist?

To become a psychiatrist you require specific skills, education and experiences. Here are a few steps that will guide you to your career as a Psychiatrist.

Step 1

You must complete your higher secondary education in science with physics, chemistry and biology to be eligible for the medical entrance exam NEET-UG.

Step 2

After clearing your NEET-UG you must get admission in a Government recognized medical college for MBBS which is a five and a half years course including internship.

Step 3

Once you have cleared your MBBS, you will now have to take and clear NEET-PG which is the entrance exam for your post graduation in psychiatry for further specialization.

Step 4

After you have completed your Post graduation in Psychiatry you can pursue further specialization by enrolling for Doctorate in Medicine(MD) program in psychiatry . It is a three years program and will provide you with in-depth knowledge of Psychiatry. Or you can take a job in a private or government hospital as a psychiatrist.

Types of Psychiatrists

A Psychiatrist has a particular area of expertise which determines their type of work. Here are a few types of Psychiatrist for you to choose as a career.

1. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
2. Young Adult Psychiatry
3. Perinatal Psychiatry
4. Addiction Psychiatry
5.  Forensic Psychiatry

   Salary of a Psychiatrist

Psychiatrists in India earn a salary that ranges from Rs 1 lac to Rs 20 lacs with an average annual salary of 9.5 lacs.

Doctors are the best things that have happened to this world. I am not saying this because we love doctors or are eager to visit them but because of their profession which is held in high esteem by society and especially in the medical community.

Doctors are revered and their profession is prestigious and highly rewarding. No doubt entry to the career as doctor is one of the most difficult career- paths for the students among all other professions.

This is the age of competition and medical entrance exams are highly competitive not only in the west but also in countries like India. You must prepare for at least a year for this exam as well as get good marks in your higher secondary school. In case you succeed in clearing the exam you will be grinded for 8 to 10 years in formal education and training to develop necessary skills  before you can call yourself a doctor. Once you become a doctor you will have to work hard to survive in the profession.

But once you have established yourself as a doctor you are rewarded in all ways. A busy life with attractive remuneration that includes all kinds of facilities like accommodation, transport, high salary and perks and what not. Many of them start their own private practice and clinics and earn even more.

Of course, the earning potential of the doctors varies depending on their experience, location, and specializations.

In this article we will explore some of the highest paid doctor’s jobs, their earning potential and the primary duties associated with each job role.

What is a Doctor?

Doctors are medical professionals who diagnose a patient’s health condition using tests and examinations. Based on their findings, they prescribe medication and treatment to heal any injuries or illnesses their patients have.

1. Cardiologist

A Cardiologist is a specialist doctor who diagnoses and treats diseases related to heart, veins, arteries, and blood vessels. They treat conditions like heart failure, heart attacks, and congenital and coronary heart conditions. All cardiologists are clinical cardiologists who focus on the diagnosis, medical management, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Types of Cardiologists 

• Cardiologist Surgeon
• ECG (Electrographic) technologist
• Interventional cardiologist
• Cardiac Catheterization Technologist

• Nuclear Cardiologist
• Cardiology Director
• Interventional Cardiologist
• Invasive Cardiologist

How can you become a Cardiologist?

Here is a step by step process on how to become a cardiologist in India after you have completed your high school in Physics, Chemistry and Biology with minimum 50% marks.

Step 1. 

You must first get admission to the MBBS degree from a medical college by taking a medical entrance test. It is a five-year program which includes one year of compulsory internship.

Step 2. 

You will also have to complete your Master’s in cardiology which is a three-year course.

Step 3. 

Once you have completed your D.M, you will have to complete your three doctoral courses in Cardiology and earn a MD degree in Cardiology.

Step 4 

Once you have earned a MD degree in Cardiology you can start practicing in different sectors like Government Hospitals, Private Hospitals, Specialist Hospitals, Armed Forces Medical Sciences, Cardiology Clinics. You can even start your own clinic or practisce privately.

Salary of a Cardiologist 

Entry level cardiologist: 10 lacs per annum

Cardiologist with 5 to 10 years of experience: Rs 16 lacs per annum.

Experienced Surgeon: Rs 28 lacs per annum.

Cardiologists with 20 years of experience: 37 lacs per annum

 

2.  Nephrologist

Nephrologists are doctors who treat acute and chronic kidney disorders and hypertension. They treat kidney failures caused by minerals, electrolyte and fluid imbalances. They also monitor and treat patients who require dialysis.

Types of Nephrologists 

Those of you who have completed your courses in Nephrology will have a wide range of career opportunities. Some of the job profiles are given below.

• Nephrologist
• Paediatric Nephrologist
• Surgeon
• Transplant Nephrologist
• Urologist
• Interventional Nephrologist
• Dialysis Medical Officer

How Can You Become a Nephrologist? 

Candidates must complete and pass their 10+2 exam in Physics, Chemistry and Biology with a minimum of 50% to be eligible to sit the medical entrance exam (NEET).

Step 1 

You must get a MBBS degree which is a four-and-a-half-year program from a medical college after clearing the medical entrance exam.

Step 2  

You can apply for a master’s course in Nephrology which is a three-year course once you have completed your MBBS by taking an entrance exam and obtaining a good score.

Step 3

After completing your MDA in general medicine, you can apply for DM in Nephrology or DNB in Nephrology. This is a three-year course.

Step 4 

After completing your DM, you can apply for various jobs as a Nephrologist in various sectors like Research Centers, Kidney Centers, Rehabilitation centres, Dialysis Centers, Hospitals, Colleges, and Various organizations.

Salary of a Nephrologist 

• Nephrologists earn about Rs 5 lacs to Rs 7 lacs per annum.
• Professors in Nephrology can earn Rs 5 lacs to 7 lacs per annum.
• Pediatric Nephrologist earns about Rs 7 lacs to 9 Lacs per annum.

• A surgeon earns about 7 lacs to 9 lacs per annum.
• Transplant Nephrologist earns about Rs 4 lacs to 6 lacs per annum.
• Nephrologist Specialist also earn about Rs 4 lacs to 6 lacs per annum.
• Urologist earns about Rs 5 lacs to 10 lacs per annum.
• Dialysis medical officer earns 4 lacs to 6 lacs per annum.

 3.  Orthopaedic Surgeon 

An Orthopaedic Surgeon is a medical professional who is devoted to the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of disorders of Bones, Joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles related to movements. They can also help in treating musculoskeletal diseases like spinal diseases, sports injuries, arthritis, Tumours, infections, and Congenital disorders.They also perform arthroscopy and assist with physiotherapy.

Types of Orthopaedic Surgeon 

You can start your career in any of the following types of Orthopaedic Surgeon after completing your academics.

• Orthopedist
• Foot and Ankle Surgeon
• Spine Surgeon
• Paediatric Orthopaedic surgeon
• Trauma Surgeon
• Hand Surgeon

How can you become an Orthopaedic Surgeon?

To become an orthopaedic surgeon, the minimum eligibility to sit the medical exam (NEET) is to have a minimum of 50% in your 10 +2 exam in Physics, Chemistry and Biology.

Then they must fulfil the following levels of education in medical science.

• They must get a graduate level degree in MBBS from a recognized medical college in India after clearing NEET.
• Then they must complete a Master of Surgery (MS) in orthopaedic surgery from a recognized medical college after passing their MBBS with minimum 55% marks.
• They can further pursue a Doctor of Osteopathic medicine degree (D.O,) or a degree of Medicine (MD).
• Once you have completed your degrees you can apply for jobs in different hospitals, clinics, educational institutions as Orthopaedic surgeon, Clinical associate, Medical Consultant, and Orthopaedic Professors.

Salary of an Orthopaedic Surgeon

The average salary of an orthopaedic surgeon who has just started his career can range from Rs 15 lacs to Rs 20 lacs per annum. An experienced Orthopaedic Surgeon gets a salary of Rs 24 lacs to Rs 37 lacs per annum.

4.   Urologist

A Urologist diagnoses and treats all types of injuries to the urinary tract of female and reproductive organs of males. They treat disorders related to urinary bladder, urethra, kidney, ureters, prostate, and male reproductive organs.They diagnose diseases like kidney stones, testicular cancer, male infertility and Parkinson’s disease and provide best possible medication or surgical operation for the speedy recovery of their patient.

Types of Urologists 

Urology has a vast scope and there are seven types of Urologists depending on their specialist.

• Paediatric Urology (Children’s Urology)
• Urologic Oncology (Urologic Cancer)

• Renal (Kidney) Transplant
• Male Infertility
• Calculi (Urinary Tract Stones)
• Female Urology
• Neurourology( Nervous system control of genitourinary organs)

How can you become a Urologist? 

Here are the steps for the aspiring candidates to become a Urologist

Step 1 

After completing their 10+2 in high school with minimum 50% in physics, chemistry and biology, you will have to appear and clear in a medical entrance exam (NEET).

Step 2 

After clearing NEET, you must take admission in a government recognized medical college which is a four and a half years course. After completing your MBBS you will have to undergo one and a half years of compulsory training.

Step 3 

You will have to take an admissions specialisation course in M.S.(Urology) to work as Urologist, which is a three-year course.  

Step 4 

After completing MS in Urology, you can now enrol in M.Ch which is a 3-year course for further specialisation.

Step 5 

Once you have completed your MS in Urology and get registration from Medical Council of India you can either go for M.Ch or get jobs in reputed government and private hospitals, super specialty hospitals or run your own private practice by opening your private clinic.

Salary of a Urologist 

In the government sector a urologist can earn about Rs 50,000 to Rs 60,000 per month plus other benefits like free accommodation and perks depending on his experience and expertise. However, Urologists working in corporate private sector and superspeciality hospitals can easily earn up to Rs 80,000 to Rs 100,000 per month. In case you earn your own private clinic, you can earn this much in a week’s time.

5. Neurologists

  

Neurologists are medical professionals who treat diseases related to the central nervous system like the brain, spinal cord and nervous system. They treat patients with ailments like stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, migraines, Parkinson’s diseases and dementia.They consult their patients and monitor their progress to prevent the growth of neural diseases.

Types of Neurologists 

Here are the different types of Neurologists for you to pursue your specialisation.

• Neurophysiologist
• Neuro- muscular specialists
• Epilepsy specialists
• Vascular Neurologists
• Child Neurologist
• Geriatric Neurologist

How to become a Neurologist? 

Step 1 

You must complete 10+2 in science with Physics, Chemistry and Biology with good marks. This is the minimum eligibility.

Step 2 

You must pass the National Eligibility and Entrance Exam (NEET) and get admission to a recognized medical college to get a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree. This is a 5.5-year course comprising 4.5 years of classroom training and one year of rotating internship.

Step 3  

Once you have completed your MBBS degree you must now go for a postgraduate degree. You can go for either MD or DNB in Neurology. Both degrees are of 3 years duration that includes clinical rotation, Research projects and theoretical training.

Step 4 

You will have to register yourself with the Medical Council of India after completing your MD or DNB.

Step 5 

Now you can apply for various jobs as Neurologist in various Government and private hospitals according to your skills and specialisation. You can even run your own private clinic.

Salary of Neurologists 

The salary of the Neurologists with less than one year of experience in Rs 0.5 lacs per annum bur rises rapidly to Rs 10 lacs per annum as he gains experience in the span of 10 years. It rises even further depending on his experience and expertise.

6.Oncologist 

An Oncologist is a medical professional who tries to prevent, diagnose and treat cancer and cancer- related diseases. Oncology is the study of cancer. Oncologists work with Radiologists, surgeons and physicians to prevent treatment protocols for their patients.

Types of Oncologists 

Here are a few types of oncologists that you can become.

• Medical Oncologist
• Radiation Oncologist
• Surgical Oncologist
• Geriatric Oncologist
• Gynecologic Oncologist
• Hematologist
• Neuro Oncologist
• Pediatric Oncologist
• Thoracic Oncologist
• Urologic Oncologist

How can you become an Oncologist? 

To be eligible for the medical entrance exam to become an oncologist you must first complete your 10+2 in physics, chemistry and biology with good marks. Here are the steps for you to undertake to become an Oncologist. 

Step 1 

After completing your 12th, you must now prepare for the medical entrance exam (NEET) and clear it to get admission in MBBS which is a 5.5-year course including Internship.

Step 2 

After completing your MBBS you will now have to complete your master’s degree (MD in Oncology) which is a three-year course.

Step 3 

You can now go for the Doctorate degree and complete your DM (Doctorate in medicine). This again is a three-year course.

Step 4 

Once you have completed your education in oncology and gained necessary skills you will have lots of job opportunities in different sectors like Private hospitals, Government hospitals, Specialist hospitals, Cancer hospitals, and medical colleges. Plus, you can start your own private clinic once you have gained years of experience.

 Salary of an Oncologists 

The basic salary of an oncologist working in a government hospital is Rs 30,000 to Rs 50,000 per month. In the private hospitals the salary ranges from Rs 50,000 to Rs 80,000 per month. It increases many folds as you gain experience.

7. Surgeon 

A surgeon is a doctor that specializes in surgery. They perform operations on patients who suffer from diseases, injuries and deformities. They are supported by the whole team in the operating room who prepare and monitor tasks so that the surgeon focuses on the operation.

Types of Surgeons 

There are various specializations in surgery for you to practice as per your interest and aptitude. Here are a few types of surgeon jobs that you can become.

• Cardiothoracic Surgeon
• Neurosurgeon
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon
• Orthopaedic Surgeon
• General Surgeon
• Paediatric Surgeon
• Urologist
• Vascular Surgeon

• Obstetrician and Gynecologist

How can you become a Surgeon? 

Here are the steps for you to become a Surgeon.

• You must pass your 12th with physics, chemistry and biology securing a minimum 60%.

• You will have to clear NEET, the medical entrance exam and get admission to a recognized medical college and complete your MBBS which is a 5.5-year course.

• After completing your MBBS, you will have to complete your MS in surgery which is a three-year specialization course to become a surgeon.

• After completing your MS in surgery, either you can go for 3 years super specialization M.Ch course in surgery or you can also take up a job in Government hospitals, private hospitals and super specialty hospitals.

Salary of a Surgeon 

At the entry level a surgeon can get a salary of Rs 9,71 ,000 per annum. Which can increase to approx. 11 lacs per annum with a span of 5 to 10 years and later to approx. Rs 24 lacs per annum as you gain more experience and reach a top level.

8. Pulmonologist 

A Pulmonologist is a physician that treats diseases related to the respiratory system which includes the lungs, airways and respiratory muscles. A Pulmonologist diagnoses and treats patients with severe and chronic breathing issues. They are experts in diagnosing and treating structural, inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic respiratory disorders.  Some common conditions that pulmonologists treat are Asthma, Bronchitis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Emphysema, Obstructive sleep apnea, and intestinal lung diseases.

Types of Pulmonologists 

Here are a few types of Pulmonologists for you to follow.

• Chest Pulmonologist
• Chest Specialist
• Cardiologists
• Neurologists

Steps to become a Pulmonologist 

Here are a few steps for you to follow to become a pulmonologist.

Step 1 

You must complete your 12th degree in Biology, physics and chemistry to be eligible for the medical entrance exam NEET.

Step 2 

After passing your NEET exam you must take admission in a government recognized medical college to pursue your bachelor’s degree of MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and a Bachelor of surgery) or BOT (Bachelor of occupational therapy) which is a 5.5-year graduate program including internship.

Step 3 

After completing your bachelor’s degree, you must now complete your master’s degree Master of Surgery (MS).

Step 4 

After completing your MS and getting a degree recognized by the medical council of India, you can get jobs in various sectors like Government hospitals, Private hospitals and private clinics.

Salary of Pulmonologist 

The average salary of a Pulmonologist is Rs 8,40, 000 per annum at the entry level and increases to Rs 14,00,000 per annum at the senior level.

9. Orthodontist 

An orthodontist is a dental specialist who treats and prevents dental irregularities by applying braces and other aligners to straighten and aligners to straighten teeth and fix misaligned bites.

Orthodontist provides dental services to their patients which includes

• Crowded teeth
• Overbites
• Underbites
• Misaligned teeth

Orthodontist treatment helps to improve speech, easier chewing and increased self-confidence

Orthodontist is the first recognized stream of Dentistry.

Steps to become an Orthodontist 

You can become an Orthodontist by following these steps in your career-path.

Step 1 

Complete your 12th with majors in Physics, chemistry, and Biology.

Step 2 

You will have to take admission in a Dental college to complete your bachelor’s degree in Dentistry from a college recognized by Dental Council of India. For that you will need to take the Dental Admission Test (DAT), which will access your academic knowledge. You will need to get a good DAT score to get admission to a good Dental College in  Bachelor’s of dental surgery (BDS) which is a four-year course.

Step 3 

After completing your BDS, you will have to go for your master’s in dental surgery (MDS) with specialisation in Orthodontist. MDS is offered by all reputed dental colleges in India. It is a three-year specialty course.

Step 4 

Once you have received your degree and licence from Dental Council of India you can get jobs in dentistry in various sectors like government hospitals, private hospitals and private clinics. You can also start your own clinic after a few years of experience.

Salary of an Orthodontist 

The salary of an orthodontist depends on his work experience and skills. His salary ranges from Rs 30,000 per month to Rs 100,000 per month in India depending upon location of work, years of experience, treatment purpose etc.

10. Dermatologist 

Dermatologists are specialists who treat skin, and skin related disorders.They treat not only skin but nails, hair, and mucous membrane conditions. Skin diseases and disorders include fungal infections, acne, eczema, vitiligo, and dermatitis. Today Dermatologists can cure about 3000 types of skin and skin related diseases.

Types of Dermatologists 

Here are some of the dermatologist job profiles that are given below.

• Dermatopathologists
• Immune Dermatologists
• Tele Dermatologists
• Paediatric Dermatologists
• Cosmetic Surgeon

How can you become a dermatologist? 

Here are the steps you need to follow to become a dermatologist.

Step 1 

Pass your 12th in physics, chemistry and Biology with a minimum of 40%. This is the minimum eligibility to qualify for the medical entrance exam (NEET).

Step 2 

Once you have appeared and passed NEET you must get admission in a recognized medical college and complete your MBBS which is 5.5 years including your internship.

Step 3 

After completing your MBBS you will have to complete your Master (MS) in Dermatology which is 3 years.

Step 4 

You can go for specialisation for which you need to complete an M.Ch degree from a college recognized by the medical council of India.

Step 5 

You can now apply for jobs in various government hospitals, private hospitals, hair clinics, cosmetic surgery clinics etc. You can also start your private practice after gaining a few years of experience.

Salary of Dermatologist 

At the entry level a dermatologist can get a salary of Rs 10,000.00 per annum. After gaining 5 to 10 years, he can earn up to Rs 20,000,000 per annum which can go as high as Rs 33,000,00 per annum.

11. Radiologist 

A Radiologist is a licensed medical professional who specialises in medical imaging, X-Rays, Ultrasounds, CT scans, PET and MRI to detect.They help treat injuries and provide radiation therapy and interventional radiology.

Types of Radiologists 

• Diagnostic Radiologist
• Radiation Oncology
• Interventional Radiologist

  Steps to become a Radiology 

You can become a Radiologist by following these steps.

Step 1 

Complete your 10+2 in Physics, chemistry and Biology to qualify for the medical entrance exam NEET.

Step 2 

Then you must get admission in a government recognized medical college to complete your MBBS which is a 5.5-year course including 1.5 years of internship.

Step 3 

Once you have completed your MBBS degree, you will now enrol for a three-year Radiology residency program. The residency programs provide you experience before you join full time as a radiologist.

Step 4 

After completing your MBBS and Residency program you will have to do your Post graduation course which can either be of three years Doctor of Medicine (MD) or of two years Diploma in Medical Radiodiagnosis (DMRD).

Step 5 

After completing your Post Graduation, you have two options.

One you can go for Fellowship and take a specialisation in Radiology like diagnostic Radiology, breast imaging Radiology, radiation oncology, gastrointestinal radiology and cardiovascular radiology. In their fellowship program candidates advance their imaging knowledge by getting trained in one of the subspecialties of Radiology. Most of the fellowship programs last for 1 to 2 years.

Secondly you can now apply for jobs as Radiologists in various hospitals both government and private, super-specialty hospitals, private clinics etc.

Salary of a Radiologist 

Like any other profession the salary of a Radiologist depends on a number of factors like years of experience, location, demography, type of specialisation and so on. The average salary of a Radiologist is Rs 92,551 per month.

12. Internal Medicine Doctors

Internal medicine physicians are experts who apply their skills and clinical expertise to the diagnosis, treatment, and compassionate care of adults ranging from health to complex illness. These physicians are well trained, especially in the diagnosis of puzzling and complicated medical problems, in the ongoing care of chronic illnesses, and in caring for patients with more than one disease. These physicians also specialise in health promotion and disease prevention. They treat diseases like asthma, hypertension, diabetes and infection.

Internal medicine physicians are also called “Internists”.They however do not perform surgeries or treat children.

How can you become an Internal Medicine Doctor? 

Here are the steps for you to become an Internal Medicine Physician.

Step 1 

You must pass your 10+2 exam with physics, chemistry and biology as core subjects and 17 years of age to qualify for the medical entrance exam NEET.

Step 2 

After passing NEET you must complete your MBBS from a recognized college. It is a 5.5-year course including Internship.

Step 3 

After completing your MBBS you will have to complete your Post Graduation (MD or MS) degree from a college recognized by the Medical Council of India.

Step 4 

After completing your MD or MS you can apply jobs various Multi-specialty government and private hospitals. You can consult patients at various health clinics. You can pursue teaching in various colleges.

Salary of  Internal Medicine Doctors

After you complete your D.M. your salary at the entry level is Rs 100,000 to Rs 130,000 per month in a government hospital and Rs 1,50,000 to Rs 2,00,000 per month in a private hospital. Senior Specialists consultants with 15 to 20 years of experience get a salary of Rs 2,50,000 to Rs 12,000,00 per month.

Conclusion

Today we live in a world that gives us many problems, both mental and physical. We toil day and night to survive both alone and with our family in this competitive world. This battle for survival takes a toll on our body and our mental health. To work we need a healthy mind and healthy body. We need clean air, clean water, good food, hygienic conditions, proper housing and sanitation, a good work environment, and so on. These conditions are basic for our survival in a modern society.

If any of the above conditions are not met, we fall ill, which can be physical or mental. Which means we will have to meet someone who can cure us. Here the doctors come into play. Today Doctors have become an indispensable part of modern society and our life. They are our life savers. Hospitals and clinics are like temples and churches and doctors are our new Gods.

 

 

 

 

If there is one career that has always been thriving and growing, then it is the Pharmacist Career. This is despite the fact that Pharmacists have been underestimated and have not attained recognition that should have in the medical healthcare sector where only doctors and nurses are revered.

Most have a wrong notion about Pharmacists. We see them as professionals who just sit in the chemist’s shop or Drug store and sell medicines to the customers as prescribed by the doctors. However, believe me there is much more than that and that is what we are going to discuss in this blog.

What is Pharmacy?

Pharmacy is the branch of science which teaches you the art of discovering,producing,preparing,dispensing,reviewing, researching, and monitoring medications. Its aim is to ensure safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines. It links health science with pharmaceutical science and natural science.

What is a Pharmacist?

Pharmacists are authorized medical professionals who can legally dispense medicines to the public, based on the doctor’s prescription. They must have an excellent knowledge about the composition of drugs, their chemical, biological, and physical properties, their use, expiration dates and the manufacturing companies where they are made. The pharmacist career thrives in in hospital pharmacies, industrial R&D units, or sitting in their own drug store.

 

What are the types of Pharmacists? 

There are several types of pharmacists. Here are the different job roles of the pharmacist in the health and pharmaceutical industry.

• Biochemist 

A Biochemist conducts research of the physical principles of living things and biological processes such as cell development, growth, heredity, and diseases. He conducts experiments to alter the properties of DNA, RNA, and cells to study various diseases and then develops medicines to cure them.

• Chemist 

A chemist specializes in various areas of chemistry such as analytical, physical, and theoretical, macro-molecular, organic, medical and material chemistry.

• Medical Sales Representatives

The job role of medical sales representatives is to market the company’s product where they work to consumers,physicians,pharmacists, and nurses, including medications, prescriptions medication, and medical equipment.

• Clinical Research Coordinator 

Clinical Research Coordinator helps in providing plans and tracking clinical trials of experimental medications to determine their advantages and risks.

• Drug Inspector 

Drug Inspector plays a senior level role in a career as a pharmacist. He evaluates the effectiveness, reliability, and safety of medication from its manufacture until the sale. He audits pharmaceutical shops and collects samples to confirm if synthetic drugs exist.

• Regulatory Affairs Officer 

A Regulatory Affairs officer works for clinical,pharmaceutical,testing, and other manufactures of medicines to guarantee that the products of their organizations follow legal requirements.

 

 Pharmacist Job Description 

A pharmacist plays a significant role between the doctors and medical staff. They are considered a bridge between the patient and the doctors as they deal with both.

Here are the roles and responsibilities for Pharmacists.

• Pharmacists dispense drugs prescribed by physicians and other specialists.
• They provide information to patients about medicines and their use.
• Pharmacists plan, monitor and evaluate drug programs.
•  They maintain records such as pharmacy files, patient profiles, inventories etc.
• They must order and purchase pharmaceutical supplies, medical supplies, or drugs.

 

How can you start a pharmacist Career?

As the field of Pharmacist continues to evolve, providing greater scope to pharmacists, so do the skill requirements from the pharmacist by the industry. To get a pharmacist job, you need to possess some skills that can help you get a long way in your career.

• Accuracy 

In the pharmaceutical industry it is very important to have an eye for detail. There is no room for mistakes. Human errors like filling in the wrong type of medicine for the patient can have serious consequences for him.

• Communication skills 

Your career as a pharmacist demands excellent communication skills on your part. This is because you will have to prescribe medicines to patients without any error and later check the knowledge of it.

• Craft Knowledge 

A pharmacist must be able to describe the medicines to the patient written in the prescription and explain to them the effect of the medicines on their bodies.

• Multitasking 

Pharmacists must conduct many activities while may even have consequences of life and death. They have to respond to various requests, communicate with other patients, and maintain certain administrative protocols in a short time.

• Analytical Skills 

 

Sometimes, even experts like pharmacists find it difficult to understand how a particular drug works on the patient’s body. They must pursue their work with an objective mind, refer to relevant references and take rational and sensible approach in medication to patients.

• Mathematical Skills 

Most of us underestimate the importance of science and mathematics for pharmacists in their work. However, pharmacists require string mathematical skills in their work. Numerical skills are important to pharmacists in their daily work like measuring the number of dosages that a patient requires to figure out more complex variable dosages.

• Managerial Skills 

Pharmacists require managerial skills to multitask. At the senior level, a pharmacist is responsible for coordinating technicians and vending machines as well as handling expenditures, controlling stock levels, and ensuring accurate documentation.

• Interpersonal Management 

Pharmacists must take care of the whims and fancies of the doctors who do not want to be challenged. At the same time, they must manage the hordes of anxious patients and their family members. This requires a lot of management and organizational skills on the part of the pharmacist to avoid ugly scenes and angry outbursts.

• Supervisory skills 

Pharmacists must be able to train their junior pharmacists as well as able to supervise them.

 

Education Qualifications for Pharmacists 

To attain the above skills, one must undergo training and education to become suited for a pharmacist job requirement. You will have to pursue a formal education or training program if you want to become a pharmacist in India.

First you must complete your 10 + 2 in Biology, Chemistry, and Physics, from a recognized board.

Then you must opt for a bachelor’s degree by taking and clearing the entrance exam for pharmacy. Then you must register yourself in the state’s pharmacy council license.

You can go for higher studies in Master’s or Doctorate level if you want to do research.

Pharmacy has become one of the most sought-after professional courses in India due to the rapid growth in the pharmaceutical industry.

In India pharmacy entrance exams are conducted for the candidates who want to pursue their career in pharmacy.

However, you must appear for the pharmacy entrance exams in India to gain admission in a pharmacy college at both state and national levels.

 

• Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Tests (GPAT)

GPAT is a three-hour entrance examination conducted by the National Testing Agency for entry into the Pharma Program.

• Andhra Pradesh Engineering Agricultural and Pharmacy Common Entrance Test (EAPCET) 

One must qualify for this exam to gain admission in BPharm courses in Telangana. The exam is conducted by Jawaharlal Nehru Technical University (JNTU), Hyderabad.

• Maharashtra Common Entrance Test (MHT CET) 

MHT CET is a state level entrance exam for admission to various engineering and pharmacy programs at various colleges throughout Maharashtra.

• Uttar Pradesh State Entrance Examination (UPSEE-Pharmacy) 

UPSEE Pharmacy Ia an entrance exam for Pharmacy conducted by Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Uttar Pradesh.

• Odisha Joint Entrance Examination – Pharmacy (OJEE-P)

OJEE-P is an entrance exam for pharmacy conducted by the Odisha state government.

• Jamia Hamdard Pharmacy, New Delhi 

Jamia Hamdard pharmacy is conducted by Jamia Hamdard university.

• Goa Common Entrance Test (GOA CET) 

GOA CET is a common entrance exam for pharmacy conducted by the department of technical education, Goa.

• Rajasthan University of Health Sciences (RUHS-P) 

The pharmacy exam is conducted by Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan.

• Karnataka Common Entrance Test (KCET) 

KCET is conducted by Karnataka Examination Authority (KEA)

• Gujarat Common Entrance Test (GUJCET) 

GUJCET is conducted by Gujarat Secondary and Gujrat Secondary Education Board (GSEB)

 

• MAHE Entrance Test (MET) 

This entrance exam is conducted by Manipal Academy of Higher Education or Manipal University.

• National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education (NIPER JEE) 

NIPER JEE entrance exam is conducted by National Institue of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali.

• Birla Institute of Technology and Science Admission Test (BITSAT) 

BITSAT is an entrance exam conducted to get admission in pharmacy in Birla Institute of Technology and Science.

You can go for the Diploma in Pharmacy (D. Pharm) course if you want to open your own pharmacy or drugs store. You can directly get into the second year of the Bachelor of Pharmacy course if you have already taken up this course.  

What are the best colleges for Pharmacy in India? 

According to the Accreditation council of Pharmacy education there are 144 schools and colleges of pharmacy in India in 2020. Out of this, about 84 colleges provide Master’s and Doctorate degrees in Pharmacy. After taking and clearing the entrance exam for pharmacy stated above you can get admission in various pharmacy colleges in India in both graduate and master’s level.

Let us look at a few of the top colleges of pharmacy at graduate level.

• Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi
• University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh
• Institute of Chemical Technology – [ICT], Mumbai
• Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences – [MCOPS], Manipal
• Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research – [DIPSAR], New Delhi
• Bundelkhand University, Jhansi
• Bombay College of Pharmacy – [BCP], Mumbai
• Birla Institute of Technology and Science – [BITS], Pilani
• Indian Institute of Technology – [BHU IIT], Varanasi
• St John’s Pharmacy College, Bengaluru (Bangalore)

 

Here are a few of the best colleges for you to pursue your post-graduation in pharmacy.

• National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research – [NIPER], Mohali
• National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research – [NIPER], Hyderabad
• National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research – [NIPER], Kolkata
• National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research – [NIPER], Guwahati
• Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi

• University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh
• Institute of Chemical Technology – [ICT], Mumbai
• Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences – [MCOPS], Manipal
• Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research – [DIPSAR], New Delhi
• Bundelkhand University, Jhansi

 

A few of the common subjects taught in a pharmaceutical course are Human Anatomy, Human Physiology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Quality Assurance, Drug Development, Pharmaceutical Management, Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics and Drug Testing.

 

In case you want to go abroad for pharmacy you can get admission by passing their entrance tests. Here are a few of the universities and colleges abroad that offer courses in pharmacy.

• University of Oxford
• Monash University
• Harvard University
• University of Toronto
• UCL
• University of Cambridge
• University of Nottingham
• University of California
• University of North Carolina
• University of Manchester

 

Are Pharmacy Intern Jobs available to Students? 

Yes, one can get an internship in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry after completing his course in pharmacy to establish a successful career as a pharmacist. Various organizations, hospitals and pharmacies employ interns with adequate skills and abilities and later for pharmacy jobs. Even higher education institutions and private nursing homes and pharmacies offer internship opportunities. You can also discover internship opportunities through online recruiting portals. Interns get hands-on knowledge and experience through internships.

What is the Scope of a Pharmacist Career?

Pharmacy is a dynamic, versatile, growing and increasingly diverse profession. It is an exciting profession because there are so many pharmacist opportunities for service. With the phenomenal rate of advances in pharmaceutical advances, the healthcare industry has created a sea of opportunities for pharmacy professionals.

Pharmaceutical careers are one of the most rewarding careers in the developed countries. Pharmacists represent the third largest healthcare professional group in the world. In India there are 8 lakh pharmacists working in different capacities and applying their knowledge and skills.

The Pharmacists perform various tasks in the pharmaceutical industry although not in direct contact with the customers but mostly behind the scenes.

Pharmaceutical Industry in India

The Pharmaceutical Industry is one of the largest and most advanced in the developing countries. It provides employment opportunities to millions besides providing lifesaving drugs to its vast population.

In terms of value the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry ranks globally as the 13th largest market by the sales value ($54.6 billion in 2023. It will hit $57 billion in the year 2025 and $163.1 billion in 2032 exhibiting a growth rate of 12.3% in the year 2024 to 2032. It is ranked 3rd largest industry in the world in terms of sales. It accounts for 8% of the world’s sales by volume and 2% by value. India is one of the top five bulk drugs manufacturers in the world.

What are the requirements for a Pharmacist Career? 

Your career path as a pharmacist depends on the level of education you possess. For example, you can become an entry-level pharmacy clerk with a high school diploma but will require professional or Doctoral degrees in pharmacy for advanced positions and best paying pharmacist jobs.

Areas of employment for Pharmacist

A career in pharmacy can offer you diverse areas of employment across various sectors of the healthcare industry. The pharmacist career outlook is very bright. Here are some of the key areas where pharmacists can find employment opportunities.

• Consultant Pharmacist Jobs

Pharmacists can also work as consultants and start their own consulting firms.They can offer expertise in areas such as medication management, medication safety, healthcare quality improvement, or pharmacy business development.

• Pharmacy Education and Academia 

Pharmacy educators play a vital role in shaping the future of the pharmacy profession.They can pursue careers in academia.They can work as pharmacy educators, teaching and mentoring future pharmacists.They contribute to curriculum development, conduct research, and provide guidance and mentorship to students.

• Community Pharmacies Jobs 

Community or retail pharmacies are the most common setting for pharmacists. They work in chain pharmacies, independent pharmacies, or grocery store pharmacies, providing medication dispensing services, patient counselling, over the counter medication recommendations, and health screenings.

• Hospital Pharmacy Jobs 

Hospital pharmacies employ pharmacists to provide comprehensive care within the hospital setting where they collaborate with physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals to ensure safe and effective medications to the patients.

• Clinical Pharmacy 

Clinical pharmacists work in healthcare institutions like hospitals, clinics, and outpatient settings.They are involved in direct patient care, performing medication reviews, monitoring medication therapy, conducting drug utilisation evaluations, and providing pharmacotherapy recommendations.They also specialize in areas like cardiology,oncology,critical care,paediatrics,geriatrics,or ambulatory care.

• Long –Term care Facilities 

Long-term care facilities include nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and rehabilitation centres. They employ pharmacists to oversee medication management for residents.

• Pharmaceutical Industry 

Pharmacists in the pharmaceutical industry play a crucial role in ensuring drug safety, efficacy,and regulatory compliance. Here they work for various pharmaceutical companies, contract research organizations (CROs), or regulatory agencies. They contribute to drugs development, clinical research, drug safety, and monitoring, medical affairs, and pharmacovigilance.

• Pharmacy Benefit Management 

Pharmacy benefit management companies (PBMs) hire pharmacists to manage prescription drug benefits for health insurance plans.

• Government and Regulatory Agencies 

Government agencies such as Food and Drug Administration (F.C.A.), Centers for Disease Control, and Prevention (CDC), or the World Health Organization (WHO). employ pharmacists in roles related to drug regulation, public health, policy development, medication safety, and research.

• Pharmacy Informatics 

Pharmacists who have expertise in pharmacy informatics work in healthcare organizations, optimizing the use of technology in medication management systems, electronic health records, and data analysis.

 

 Pharmacist Job Positions 

Here are a few of the pharmacy tech jobs related to the pharmacist industry that you can pursue as a career.

• Pharmacy Clerk 

As a pharmacist clerk you will have to fill prescriptions for customers, complete cash register prescriptions for customers, complete cash register transcriptions and update patient information records.They also see that the pharmacy area is clean and well arranged.They assist pharmacists in ordering stock and entering it into inventory.

• Pharmacy dispenser 

A pharmacy dispenser assists the pharmacist in managing inventory, placing wholesale orders, and processing paperwork. Hè selects medical drugs or devices according to the patient’s prescription order and puts them in a suitably sized container.They also update the patient’s personal and insurance information on the computer.

• Pharmacy assistant 

Pharmacy assistant helps pharmacists with regular administrative tasks like storing prescription records, maintaining inventories, preparing invoices, auditing and ordering office supplies.

• Pharmacy technician 

A pharmacy technician works under a licensed pharmacist in a hospital or clinic.They manage the pharmacy workstation involving medications ordered for inventory. They also keep the shelves clean, well-stocked and in neat order.

• Pharmacist 

A pharmacist has a thorough knowledge of pharmaceutical products and their uses.They access and fill medical prescriptions for patients. They order and stock medications and arrange them properly on the pharmacy shelves.They also maintain medication and patient records.

• Chemotherapy Pharmacist 

A chemotherapy pharmacist prepares and dispenses chemotherapy drugs that are used in cancer treatments. They are responsible for accessing the quality of these drugs and making them available to cancer hospitals and treatment centres.

• Nuclear Pharmacist 

A Nuclear pharmacist is responsible for preparing, testing, and dispensing radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosing and treating different kinds of cancers and many other diseases. They also supervise the handling, packaging and delivery of radiopharmaceuticals. They also manage the safety of the work environment and disposal of hazardous waste materials.

• Long term care pharmacists 

A long-term care pharmacist oversees pharmaceutical services for patients in a long-term care facility.They evaluate the patient’s health, dispense necessary medications and resolve any pharmacy-related concerns with the help of physicians, nurses and medical staff at the hospitals or clinic.

• Staff pharmacist 

A staff pharmacist dispenses prescription orders, administers immunizations and counsels patients about how to take their medications.They analyze and interpret reports, implement and monitor safety controls, and conduct operational and quality assurance reviews. They also comply with legal policies and regulations.

• Director of pharmacy 

The director of pharmacy oversees the pharmacy’s operations and Management. He implements strategic plans, evaluates service standards and boost performance for optimum efficiency. He makes decisions to introduce operational programs and safety policies or update existing ones.

• Pharmacy Manager 

A pharmacy manager manages the pharmacy’s daily operations. He is responsible for providing efficient customer services, handling medications and other products and in maintaining a patient medication database.

• Pharmacy Specialist 

A Pharmacy specialist is responsible for assembling and maintaining patient histories and reviewing them to evaluate a patients’ self care needs. He informs the patients about self-care medication, products and services.They also inform the patients about enrollment requirements and schedule meetings with appropriate medical staff and financial counselors.

• Clinical Research pharmacy jobs 

Clinical pharmacists educate patients on proper medicine dosage and monitor them for health problems. They do this by working in cooperation with physicians and other clinical health providers.

• Health Outcomes pharmacists 

Health outcomes pharmacist plans and implements various clinical pharmacy patient care programs like immunization services, medication therapy management programs and disease programs and disease state management. They must ensure that the pharmacy adheres to FDA regulations and follows standard operating procedures.They support and connect with patients and pharmacy staff with the help of pharmacy system information technology.They also stay updated on the new developments taking place in the field of pharmacy.

• Pharmacologist

Pharmacologists discover and develop therapies to treat cancer and various other diseases in hospitals, bio-pharmaceutical companies and other organizations.They often collaborate with research scientists in various clinical development programs to conduct quantitative modelling, clinical trial simulations and safety tests.

 

Career-Path for a Pharmacist

The pharmacist career path can be divided into two steps.

• Junior Pharmacist 

A Junior Pharmacist is an entry level professional who verifies the dosage of the medication prescribed and checks the side effects of the medications on the patient. He educates the patient on how and when to take the medicines and its side effects.

The average salary of a Junior Pharmacist ranges from 0.2 lakhs to 3.5 lacs per annum with an average salary of Rs 2 lacs per annum.

  2. Senior Pharmacist 

A senior pharmacist is an experienced professional who reviews the safety levels of newly manufactured drugs. He also recommends drugs with proper diets and the dosage of each medicine to the patients.

The average salary of a senior pharmacist is around 3 lacs per annum.

 

The Future of Pharmacist 

The pharmaceutical sector in India is rising at a fast rate. There has been a spurt in foreign investment in this sector. Cheap labour and low production cost in the main factors for this growth compared to western countries.

The field of pharmacy continues to evolve providing pharmacists with diverse and expanding career paths across the healthcare industry. And you must have a very good educational background to be a part of this evolving industry.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

We have come a long way from the day we sent our first man-made satellite to Space. The satellite was named Sputnik. It was launched on October 4,1957.  Since then, we have never looked back at launching satellites. We sent Satellites and men to Space and Moon. We have sent satellites to Mars, to the Sun and outside our solar system to explore new horizons. Every success is a victory to human civilization irrespective of the country which sends the satellites. And all victories and failures are owed to the scientists that manufacture these satellites and the delivery systems to send them to outer space. These scientists or engineers are known as Astronautical Engineers or Rocket Engineers or Space Scientists.

Today we are going to discuss more about Astronautical Engineers and how to become one in this article.

What is Astronautical Engineering?

Astronautical Engineering or Rocket Science aerospace engineering is a subset of Aerospace engineering. It focuses on developing advanced technologies for aviation, space and airborne defense systems.

What is the Difference between Astronautical and Aeronautical Engineering

The two main branches of Aerospace engineering are Astronautical engineering and Aeronautical engineering. While Astronautical Engineering is the study of spacecraft and satellites, Aeronautical Engineering specializes in aircraft that operate within the Earth’s atmosphere.

What is an Astronautical Engineer?

Astronautical Engineers create and maintain systems and devices that help in broadcasting,communication,navigation and remote sensing.Astronautical Engineers design and develop rockets,satellites,missiles,planetary probes, space capsules and other machines designed to operate in space.They also analyze, and troubleshoot the designs of rockets and satellites to identify any problems with manufacturing processes, optimize the design process and create quality control standards while adhering to environmental regulations. Astronautical engineers innovate and create new ideas within the industry that affect the development of both space and Earth based travel. Astronautical Engineers are also called Rocket Scientists.

What do Astronautical Engineers do?

Most astronautical engineers work for Government organizations and companies contracted by the government, private contractors building spacecraft or spacecraft manufacturers. Many Astronauts have astronautical engineering backgrounds even though they are not technically astronautical engineers.

Here is the Astronautical engineers’ job description.

• They coordinate with engineering personnel who are involved in the development, testing, or modification of spacecraft and its relevant components.
• It is their duty to determine whether the proposed projects meet the defined goals.
• They set the criteria for quality control standards and design methods.

• They design and manufacture spacecraft products.
• It is their responsibility to ensure that projects meet quality standards.
• They must evaluate designs to ensure that the products meet the customers’ requirements.
• They identify and rectify the problems and solutions in the products.
• They maintain detailed documentation of equipment and performance.

How can you become an Astronautical Engineer?

 

You require certain skills to become an Astronautical Engineer which can be developed for career advancement and growth. Here are a few of the engineering skills that you must possess to succeed in the aeronautical engineering industry.

• Communication Skills

Since aeronautical engineers work in large teams, they require excellent communication skills for their work to stay consistent and synchronized. All the essential information must be relayed clearly and promptly to make it error free.

• Writing Skills

Aeronautical engineers must also possess excellent writing skills to be concise and must be able to document their document and process for further reference

• Analytical Skills

Strong Analytical skills help aeronautical engineers to evaluate designs and help them to identify and improve aspects that may not meet performance standards.

• Computer-aided design (CAD)

Aeronautical engineers must work on computers using CAD programs to develop and test designs. This skill is necessary for them.

• Mathematical Skills

Maths is an essential element of engineering as it allows them to create a design that functions. Astronautical engineers use calculus, trigonometry, and algebra during their work.

• Critical thinking

This skill is necessary for astronautical engineers to update their designs regularly to meet new demands and understand how to resolve issues under labor or time constraint.They must be able to find problems within design elements and plan strategies to improve those elements and reduce the risk of complication.

• Business Knowledge

Astronautical engineers must have working knowledge of commercial law and standard practices to adhere to regulations and policies laid down by the government or businesses.

• Stress Tolerance

Aeronautical engineers must practice and master stress management as they will have to work long hours daily and under constant pressure to meet their deadline.

Educational Requirements

You must start early after 10th  if  you want to pursue your career in space or Astronautical engineering. You must fulfil the following criteria to pursue your career as an astronautical engineer.

The subjects required for aerospace engineering are Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (PCM) in class 12th.

You must go for an astronautical engineering degree. For that you will have to search for colleges that offer astronautical engineering.

You must complete a bachelor’s in aerospace engineering. Some of the main subjects that you will learn in your bachelor’s degree are aerodynamics, space dynamics, dynamics of aerospace systems, space system designs etc. Here are some of the best colleges for astronautical engineering courses at the bachelor’s level.

• Kent State University, USA, BS Aerospace engineering
• Warsaw University of Technology, Poland, B.Sc Aerospace Engineering

• Carleton University, Canada, Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering
• Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, USA, BS in Aerospace Engineering
• University of Southampton
• Swansea University, UK, Bachelor of space engineering
• Lewis University, US, BS Aviation, and Aerospace Technology.

You can go for a master’s and PH.D. degree in fields like geophysics, geo-informatics, instrumentation, applied mathematics, etc. For an MSc in aerospace engineering, you must focus on a specialized degree. Many institutions offer five-year programs that offer both bachelor’s and master’s degrees. Here are some of the top astronautical engineering colleges that offer master courses in astronautical engineering.

• Technical University of Berlin, Germany
• Wright State University, USA
• Technical University of Denmark, Denmark \
• IPSA, France

• The Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Russia
• KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
• University of Limerick, Ireland
• Beijing Institute of Technology, China
• University of New south Wales, Australia

After completing a master’s degree, you can either become an astronautical engineer by applying for positions with the organizations of your choice or you can pursue research in the field by joining a Doctorate program (PH. D,) in aerospace engineering and contribute to the field. Below are some of the best universities in astronautical engineering for PhD are given below.

• University of Manchester, U.K.
• Kyushu University, Japan

• Auburn University, USA
• University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
• Politecnico Di Milano, Italy

How can you become Astronautical Engineer in NASA

 

NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the US space agency that is responsible for civilian space programs, aeronautics, and space research. It is the premier space research organization in the world and is an inspiration to every space scientist or rocket engineer to be part of this organization. However, there are some eligibility requirements that must be fulfilled to become a NASA aerospace engineer.

Firstly, you must be a US citizen. Secondly, you must have a degree in STEM courses with two years of professional experience in related fields. Only your application is reviewed by NASA’s Astronaut Selection Board. If you are selected then you are called into small groups for interviews at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Based on the interviews, final applicants are selected.

In case you are a non-US citizen you can work in NASA’s International Space Partner.

• Agência Espacial Brasileira (AEB)
• Italian Space Agency
• Brazilian Space Agency
• Canadian Space Agency
• German Aerospace centre (DLR)

• European Space Agency
• Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
• Russian Federal Space Agency

Here are a few of the colleges where you can pursue your astronautical engineering degree to get into NASA.

• California Institute of Technology, US
• Stanford University, US
• University of Cambridge, UK
• Harvard University, US

• University of Oxford, UK
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US
• Princeton University, US
• ETH Zurich, Switzerland
• University of California, US

• Georgia Institute of Technology, US

 

How to become an Astronautical Engineer in ISRO

ISRO or Indian Space Research Organization is the Indian space agency and is one of the premier space research organizations in the world. ISRO is one of the top space agencies in the world that can deploy cryogenic engineers,launch extraterrestrial missions, and artificial satellites. Recently it successfully launched a land rover on the moon and has also sent its satellite to the Sun.

Educational Qualifications

To become an astronautical engineer in ISRO you must have the following educational qualifications.

• Individuals must pass BE/BTech or equivalent degree in first class from an astronautical school with an aggregate minimum of 65% marks or CGPA of 6.84 out of 10.
• Individuals who are awaiting results of their seventh and eighth semesters can also apply given their aggregate marks in the remaining semesters is 65% and above or CGPA/CPI is 6.84 and above.
•  Individuals who have passed or a pursuing ME/MTech are eligible given that they have cleared their BE/BTech in first class with a minimum of 65% aggregate.
• Further education like a PhD or equivalent in Physics or Mathematics is beneficial for carrying independent research in the field of Rocket science.

To become a Rocket scientist in India you must complete your degree in Aerospace engineering or Astronautical engineering from one of these colleges given below.

• Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
• Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

• Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bengaluru
• Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
• Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
• Manipal Institute of Technology

• Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra
• Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Kerala
• Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital
• Madras Institute of Technology, Chennai
• International Institute for Aerospace Engineering and Management, Jain University Bengaluru

• Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune
• National Centre for Radio Astronomy, Pune
• Centre for Earth and Space Sciences, (University of Hyderabad)
• Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad
• Radio Astronomy Center, Ooty

• Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru
• Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science

What is the Scope of an Astronautical Engineer?

In India there are many astronautical engineering companies where you can pursue your career. Here is the list of companies working in the sector of space technology, directly or indirectly. Directly means making rockets, spacecrafts, launchers, satellites etc. Whereas indirectly means developing supporting systems and tools for the above things. Here is the list of the companies that offer astronautical engineering jobs.

State Owned

• ISRO- Launch vehicles, Rocket engines

• Spacecraft Technology Rocket boosters
• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) — Transport aircraft, Fighter aircraft, Helicopters, Crew capsule
• Antrix Corporation – Satellite systems, Launch vehicles, Technology, and consultancy
• New Space India Limited – Satellite systems, Launch vehicles, Technology, and consultancy.

Private Companies

• Godrej Aerospace—Rocket engines
• Spacecraft thrusters, Larsen & Toubro – Rocket booster
• Spacecraft, Space infrastructure

• Aginkul Cosmos – Launch vehicles
• Bellatrix vehicles, Dhruva Space- satellites.
• Pixxel- Earth imaging satellites
• Satellize—Satellites
• Skyroot Aerospace- Launch Vehicles

• Manastu Space- Satellites and spacecraft components

 

What is the Astronautical Engineering salary?

NASA aerospace engineer’s average salary is $122,270 per year as per the Bureau of Labor Statistics. NASA is the major employer of Aerospace engineers in the world and employs engineers in 20 different categories.

In India, the salary of an Astronautical engineer varies for different grades. The aspirants who get the job in ISRO receive a monthly payment of at least INR 15,600 – 391,00 per month or Rs 800,000 per year for the posts of senior scientists and engineers.

The aerospace industry is growing at the rate of 3% per annum.

There are different fields of science in ISRO where the scientists and engineers work that handle research, development, application and execution of different projects and missions, such as launch of satellites or planet observation.

• Space and Technology
• Electronics
• Mechanical
• Computer science
• Civil
• Refrigeration and air conditioning
• Architecture

Job Profiles of Aerospace engineer

Graduates in aerospace engineering have many career options to choose from the list given below.

• Mechanical engineers

You can work as a mechanical engineer in the field of aviation and aircraft once you have completed your engineering in Aerospace. You can improve or make various components of aircraft, spacecraft, and missiles to operate them more effectively.

• Aerospace Technician

Aerospace Technicians install, maintain, test and fix machinery that is in use or being developed.  and research teams Airlines, aerospace, and aviation industries and research these technicians.

• Aircraft/Spacecraft Designer

Aircraft and spacecraft designing that are safer and more effective is a coveted career choice among aerospace engineers. Their demand has increased due to a rise in commercial air travel and the advent of private space trips.

• Inspection Managers

Inspection managers help the finished product pass inspection by noting inconsistencies and advising motivations. They examine test findings, weigh goods, and keep track of information regarding production standards.Thus they ensure that all systems, equipment, and products adhere to national and international standards.

• Mission Specialist

Mission specialists assist with data collection, experimentation and other vital tasks during space missions.They are required to install or use a piece of equipment throughout the mission.

• Drafters

Before any spaceship, aeroplane or missile can be manufactured, drawings and specification documents must be created. These intricate and thorough texts depict the subject topics from all angles and are created by the Drafters.

• Aviation Manager

The operation of launch and control facilities for aircraft and spacecraft are handled by the aviation managers.They manage equipment maintenance, track incident reports, arrange inspections, hire team managers and contractors, establish policy plans, and prepare timetables.

Conclusion

Although astronautical space engineering in India is still in its infancy stage despite the success and achievements of I.S.R.O,. India is experiencing an accelerated expansion in the astronautical industry. Career opportunities for aerospace engineers are endless due to their demand in both domestic and overseas markets.

 

 

Water Treatment Plant operators have a critical role to play in our daily life as water is one of the most essential basic elements to life on earth. The other one is air. We drink water to survive. Almost 2/3rd of our planet is covered with water making it the only living planet in the entire universe till date. That is why it is called the blue planet. Explorations are being made to the Moon and Mars in search of water so one day we can colonize them.

Before the Industrial revolution in all the countries at different points of time, beginning with England, we used to have pure and clean water to drink from lakes and rivers. The rapid industrialization led to the growth of modern cities which are grossly overpopulated and dirty. The lack of sufficient clean water has led to the degradation of life in these cities. The industries have poured millions of tons of pollutants into the water resources like rivers and reservoirs which are lifeline to these cities, making it undrinkable.

The government along with the water treatment plant operators has taken various steps to ensure sufficient and clean water for people in these cities. The creation of water reservoirs and means to deliver drinkable water to the people in their homes is one of the most important tasks undertaken in cities.

This article will help us understand the whole process and the role of water treatment plant operators.

The Water Treatment Plant Process

The raw water from the water reservoir is delivered to the head works of the water treatment plants. The operation of the water treatment plant process in power plant consists of five major unit processes to make the water safe for drinking. These five major unit processes are given below.

1. Chemical Coagulation

1. Flocculation

1. Sedimentation

1. Filtration

1. Disinfection 
   

Step 1. Chemical Coagulation

An oxidant Chlorine dioxide that is used to break down organic matter such as decaying leaves and other plant material is added to the raw water. Then a chemical coagulant Aluminium Sulphate is used as a primary coagulant. A polymer is also added to the water as a coagulation aid. These coagulants are added at the rapid mix unit. The coagulants cause very fine particles to clump together into larger particles which can be removed later in the treatment process by settling,skimming,draining and filtering.

Step 2. Flocculation 

The coagulated water then flows to the next major unit process known as Flocculation. This process is a slow process that causes the small, coagulated particles to form floc. The floc formed creates a surface in which the particulates in the water adsorb to the surface of the floc thus forming larger settleable particle for ease off removal by sedimentation and filtration.

Step 3. Sedimentation 

The flocculated water then flows to the next major unit process, the Sedimentation process. This process removes suspended solids or particles that are heavier than water and reduces particulate load on the filters. This process removes ninety percent of the solids in the water. The clearer water on the surface is collected in the launder tubes that direct the water to the filter to remove the remaining ten percent of solids.

Step 4. Disinfection 

The settled water then flows from the Pre-Sedimentation building to the filtration facility after adding chlorine to the water to begin the disinfection process. This process is designed to kill or inactivate most microorganisms in water like bacteria, viruses or intestinal parasites that causes diseases like gastroenteritis, typhoid, cholera etc.

Step 5. Filtration 

Now the water flows into the filtration facility and onto the last of the major unit processes used to treat drinking water.Filtration is the process of passing water through material such as bed of coal, sand or other granular substance to remove impurities that are not removed during sedimentation process.The water treatment plant uses rapid rate multi-media gravity filter beds.When the filters start to get full of particles, the water treatment plant operators clean them using a procedure called backwashing. The backwash water is sent to the backwash recovery pond, and after the settling process, the backwash water is returned to the raw water settling pond for re-use.

What is a Water Treatment Plant Operator?

A water treatment plant operator is responsible for ensuring the safety and quality of drinking water that is supplied to homes and businesses. It is their responsibility to operate and maintain various equipment and processes in water treatment plants such as sedimentation,filtration and disinfection..Thus water treatment plant operators play a critical role in ensuring safety to public health by keeping drinking water safe for consumption.

Water Treatment Plant Operators are also known as:
Wastewater Operator Wastewater Operator Waste Water Treatment Plant Operator Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator Wastewater Treatment Operator.

Roles and Responsibilities of Water Treatment Plant Operator 

Water treatment plant operators have a range of duties and responsibilities in ensuring the safety and quality of water supply to the public.Here are some of the main duties and responsibilities off water treatment plant operators.

• Operating and maintaining water treatment equipment 

It is the duty of Water treatment plant operators to ensure the proper operation and maintenance of equipment such as pumps, filters and chemical treatment systems.They must be proficient in handling computerised control systems.

• Monitoring Water Quality 

Water treatment plant operators are responsible for monitoring the quality of the water being used, including parameters like pH,turbidity and chlorine levels.

• Conducting Laboratory tests 

The treatment operators conduct laboratory tests on water samples  like bacteriological, chemical and physical analysis, to monitor water quality and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements.

• Maintaining Records 

The operators maintain detailed records of water treatment activities, including water quality data, equipment maintenance logs, and regulatory compliance records.

• Responding to emergencies 

Water treatment plant operators must be able to make quick decisions and respond quickly and effectively in dealing with emergency situations such as equipment failures,power outages, and water quality issues.

• Ensuring Compliance with regulations 

It is the responsibility of the water treatment operators to ensure that their plant is in compliance with all applicable environmental and safety regulations, including those related to water quality,hazardous materials handling, and wastewater discharge.

What are types of Water Treatment Operators?

 

There are different types of water treatment plant operators having different levels of responsibility and expertise.The three main types of expertise are given below.

• Entry-level operators 

Basic tasks such as monitoring equipment,recording data, and conducting routine maintenance are done by the Water treatment plant operator trainee.They work under the supervision of more experienced operators.

• Intermediate level operators 

Operators with more experience and responsibility are called Intermediate operators.They are responsible for operating and maintaining a variety of equipment,conducting laboratory tests and responding to emergency situations.They also train and supervise entry level operators.

• Senior level operators 

Senior level operators has the most experience in the field.They are responsible for maintaining and operating the plant,ensuring regulatory compliance and managing compliance.They are responsible for developing and implementing new processes and procedures to improve efficiency and water quality.

How to become a Water Treatment Plant Operator? 

Like other occupations, water treatment plant operators also require some specific skills from you to succeed in your career.Here is a list of skills that you may require to learn and understand wastewater treatment process and operations.

• Mechanical Proficiency 

Water treatment plant operator must have the ability to fix mechanical issues regarding equipment,systems, and company transportation.

• Communication 

The water treatment operator must have verbal and written communication skills. These skills help them in drafting their reports,guiding their colleagues and explaining the water treatment systems to other professionals.

• Teamwork 

Since the water treatment operators have to. work as a team they must possess excellent teamwork skills

• Observation 

Water treatment operators require strong observation skills as this helps them to closely monitor water treatment systems and notice any changes.

• Knowledge of engineering 

Water treatment operators require engineering skills to create better treatment systems and improve on existing ones.

• Problem-Solving 

This skill helps water treatment operators to troubleshoot problems regarding equipment,systems,treatment formulas and create innovative and effective solutions.

• Reading comprehension 

Water Treatment operators require strong comprehension skills to analyse and record metre readings.

• Adaption 

Water treatment operators must be able to adjust their  practices with technology. They must be able to operate new equipment and incorporate new technology into their daily operations.

 

Educational Qualification of Water treatment Plant Operator

You need a combination of education,experience and  certification  to become a water treatment plant operator.You can follow these steps to meet the general qualifications of a water treatment operator.

Step 1: Complete your High school  

This is the minimum water treatment certification requirement for you in your journey to become a water treatment plant operator.

Step 2: Complete your Graduation 

Although this qualification is not compulsory yet in the present context a degree in graduation or equivalent can increase your chances in career growth and earn more.

Step 3: Earn a certification 

Most employers prefer professionals to earn a water treatment plant operator certification of the trade.Certification is necessary for the water treatment  operators in order to operate equipment and process. Certification also ensures that these professionals have necessary skills and manage to maintain safe and clean water for the public.

Step 4: Receive on-the-job training 

Water treatment plant operator training  is necessary to get practical experience of this job.

Step 5: Apply for jobs 

Once you have education, experience and certification you can have water treatment plant operators.

Here are few of the colleges that offer certificate course for the candidates

• IIT Roorkee, Roorkee
• Khatu Shyam Institute of Management & Technology, New Delhi

• Mahatma Jyotiba Phule University, Jaipur
• Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur
• Patna University, Patna
• Vardhman Mahaveer Open University,Kota
• Teri University, New Delhi

• Suvidha Institute of Technology, Mumbai
• Rashtriya Bahat University,Mohali
• Rashtriya Technical University

 

What is the Scope of a Water Treatment Plant Operator? 

 

Even today about 2 billion people in the world use untreated drinking water or get water from contaminated sources. This results in spread off widespread diseases as we have discussed above in the article.

Since the role of water treatment plant operator becomes very critical as they are following the principle of “Prevention is better than cure”, there is a huge demand of water treatment operators all over the world.The rapid urbanization has led to the growth and creation of more towns and cities leading to the increasing demand of clean and drinkable water.This has created a demand for more water treatment plants to supply clean water.This rise in demand has contributed to the rise in the demand of  water treatment plant operator jobs.

In India with a population of more than 1 billion and still growing there is an ever increasing demand for water treatment plant operators.

Water treatment plant operators job description 

Here is the description of the Job Profiles of the water treatment plant operators.

• Water Resource Specialist 

Water Resource Specialists design or implement programs and strategies related to water resource issues such as supply,quality, and regulatory compliance issues.They also conduct investigations on matters such as water storage,wastewater discharge,pollutants,permits, or other compliance and regulatory issues. Their average salary is about Rs 3,80,000 per annum.

• Water Efficiency Technicians 

Water treatment plant technicians are intermediate-level water treatment plant operators.They are responsible for water treatment and distribution systems. They also maintain water treatment equipment and water distribution systems.They have an average salary of Rs 5,20,000 per annum.

• Water Resource Manager 

Water resource managers plan for water use and treatment.They are employed by the government like the municipal corporation or can work independently.Their average salary is around Rs 8,86,000 per annum.

• Environment Manager 

Environment managers are responsible for supervising the performance of the private,public and voluntary sectors.Environmental managers earn about Rs 8,95,00 per annum.

The average salary of a water treatment plant operator in India is Rs 420,000 per annum.

Top Paying companies for water treatment plant operators in India 

• Thermax Limited Water Treatment Plant.
• Dr Reddy’s water treatment plant.
• SIMA Labs water treatment plant.

• R.G. Technosolutions water treatment plant.
• Ion Exchange water treatment plant.
• Tata Steel water treatment plant operator.
• Sodexo water treatment plant.
• Sun Pharmaceuticals Limited.

• Akums Drugs & Pharmaceuticals limited.

 

The industries that employ water treatment plant operators are given below.

• Engineering & Construction
• Industrial Machinery
• Pharma
• Waste Management
• Auto Components

Conclusion 

The career of a water treatment plant operator is not only rewarding but it assumes a responsibility towards our society. By providing clean and pure water to the people in society we are doing a great service to our nation as a whole. As far as career is concerned the scope of water treatment plant operators will keep on growing as more and more water treatment plants  are set up due to ever increasing demand of drinkable water as a result of increasing population and growth of modern cities and towns.

 

 

 

 

Today we are witnessing an economic turn that none of us has ever witnessed before. The Covid 19 has left its mark with enormous blackouts and shutdowns all over the globe that resembled a word war. Yet few of us saw a light at the end of the tunnel. That light was provided by Stockbrokers. The rallying off the share market to new heights in the stock market is the turning point of the Indian economy into a well-developed economy when every other economy, even those off west faltered in the face of the epidemic.

Stockbroking and Stockbrokers

Stockbroking is the process of buying and selling stocks or other securities. The people who do stockbroking are called Stockbrokers.

Stockbrokers are agents or traders who trade stocks on the behalf of their investors in return for the commission they get from their clients. They are also called securities sales agents and commodities sales agents.

The place where Stockbrokers do the trading is called the Stock Market. Some of the stock trading platforms are Sensex, National Stock Exchange in Mumbai, New York Stock Exchange, or NIKKIE in Tokyo. Nowadays they can trade on computers through online stock trading also.

Stockbrokers provide a variety of services to their individual clients, companies, or organizations. They give advice concerning current or prospective investments, as well as assistance in portfolio investments. As a stockbroker you must be familiar with the wide range of products available in the stock market. They must be able to analyze company finances and provide recommendations regarding public offerings, mergers, and acquisitions.

Types of Stockbrokers

1. Full-Service stockbroker

A Full-service stockbroker provides personal service to his or her clients like providing them with necessary information and recommendations for trading based on personalized research. They also provide information to their clients that is available to brokerage services.

Full- time broker work at a full-service firm such as Banks or financial companies like JP Morgan Stanley, Merril Lynch. The Brokers are provided with a comprehensive training package that includes sales & product training as well as education in administrative procedures and compliance regulations.

2. Discount Stockbroker

A Discount Stockbroker takes orders from the clients. He does not offer any advice, analysis or research services. Discount broker firms are geared to providing effective services for walk-in clients and usually pay their brokers a flat salary.

Discount stockbrokers have a much broader base of experience than many full-service brokers. They are expected to provide a broad array of research and services, including basic technical and fundamental analysis,rollovers,stock options, margin accounting,derivatives,bond-ladders,mutual funds, closed-ended funds, partnerships,charitable gifting, exchanges, and many other areas of investment, retirement, and charitable planning.

3. Bank Stockbrokers

Technically, bank stockbrokers who work at banks are full-service brokers. However, they are often given lower payouts on their commission in return for having access to the bank’s customer base.

At one time, Bank brokerage positions were viewed as dead-end jobs that were available to brokers who failed everywhere else. However, lately this perception has disappeared with the growth of this segment.

Most banks now employ in-house investment consultants who offer non-FDIC insured products and services. Many banks are now asking their brokers to cultivate clients from outside the bank. Brokers often must make an extra effort to get their clients to understand what they offer.

What is the Role of a Stockbroker?

 

Most of you who opt for a career as a stockbroker will be required to work in an office environment.  A stockbroker job description includes keeping an eye on the stock market daily and measuring the changes in stocks & shares. He is required to sell and buy stocks on behalf of his company and make profitable investments for his clients.He is responsible for managing stock portfolios. He must be able to analyze the stock market and make future predictions. Here are the roles and responsibilities of a stockbroker.

• Customer Service

The stockbroker’s job description includes creating his own client list irrespective of the size of the work where he works and must spend most of the time in customer recruitment and customer service. His work involves calling his clients and follow-up. He must be able to maintain a long and trustful relationship with his respective clients. He is required to update their portfolios and look for investment opportunities.

• Advisory

A stockbroker must disclose the correct information about investment recommendations and risks involved in it.

• Trading

Stockbrokers are responsible for trading stocks, buying, and selling them on behalf of their clients. Trading is done electronically or on the physical trading floor or by phone.

• Fiduciary Duty

Since a stockbroker’s earnings are mostly commission based, he is liable to follow the rules laid down by the regulatory authorities to avoid conflict with his clients.

How to become a Stockbroker?

In case you really want to become a stockbroker, you must possess or attain certain skills to become a stockbroker. Here are some of the essential stockbroker skills that are required for you to become a stockbroker.

• Research and Critical thinking skills

As a stockbroker must possess problem-solving skills and must have the ability to identify and mitigate risk factors to generate profits as a stockbroker. You must be able to analyze, research and find solutions to challenges that could pose problems for making returns. Similarly critical thinking skills are necessary for analyzing various trade factors and making decisions that can affect the outcome of investments.

• Communication skills

Stockbrokers must possess excellent written and verbal skills to work effectively. They must be able to convert mathematical and statistical data into understandable information which are essential for portfolio management and analyzing investment strategies.

• Strategic Planning

Traders must make strategic decisions regarding the securities they buy and sell.They must have the ability to analyze and plan for investment and trading strategies to be successful. You must be able to plan the best strategies for purchasing stocks, reduce risks, and generate profits while working in a Brokerage firm.

• Wealth Management

To be a successful broker you must be able to leverage industry knowledge to help your clients maintain and accumulate financial wealth. You must stay up to date on current investment opportunities to give them the best possible advice.

• Mathematical skills

You must possess excellent mathematical skills and must be able to calculate percentages, dividends, and profits quickly to be able to stay competitive in the stock market.

• Persuasion Skills

As a stockbroker you must be able to persuade your clients to listen to you and convince them with their recommendations.

• Technical Skills

Stockbrokers must possess technical skills like the ability to use computer software and digital trading applications regularly in their career. He must have thorough knowledge to compute statistics on company stocks and analyze options.

 

Educational Qualifications to become a Stockbroker

Like any other profession you require an appropriate level of education to fulfill stockbroker job requirements. For most of us this may mean an undergraduate degree. But we must complete a graduate program to improve our marketability and increase advancement opportunities. Stockbrokers and traders who have earned a master’s degree are coveted a lot in the industry and earn more money than those without one. You must also possess a license to work in this field.

Here are the steps for you to take to become to become a Stockbroker:

Step 1: You must enroll in a relevant undergraduate degree program

Step 2: You must complete an internship with a financial or brokerage firm.

Step 3: You must find a Professional Employment and Join a Professional Organization.

Step 4: You must Register as a representative of your firm with FINRA.

Step 5: You must complete an accredited Master’s of Business Administration Degree

 

Step 1: You must enroll in a relevant undergraduate degree program 

Most entry level stockbroker and trader positions only require an undergraduate degree. This field does not require a specific major, so you can choose a degree option that suits your specific interests. However, you must major in finance or a business-related subject like accounting,business,finance or economics. These courses are generally preferred by employers, especially large firms. Online programs are also available.

Step 2: Complete an Internship with a Financial Firm

You must apply for an internship as an undergraduate student to gain invaluable experience. Many large and small brokerage firms and investment banks frequently hire summer interns and later offer full time employment to the successful students.

These internships offer a variety of benefits to the students in their career path to become stockbroker and trader like Real world training and work experience, opportunities to apply academic theory and best practice, gaining experience in working with a financial team, Skills development, Networking, and gaining access to potential professional mentors.

Step 3: You must find a Professional Employment and Join a Professional Organization

Unlike other professions, stockbrokers and traders must first find employment before they can get their license. Therefore, you will have to search for jobs immediately after completing your graduation.

Students and new professionals must strongly consider joining a professional organization. These organizations are available at State, national and international level. The members get exclusive benefits like resources,discounts,training,certification programs and networking opportunities.

Here are some of the prominent professional associations and societies for stockbrokers and traders.

• Association of national exchange members of India (ANMI)
• National Association of Stockbrokers (NAS)
• National Stock Exchange (NSE)
• International Business Brokers Association (IBBA)
• National Association of Investment Professionals (NOIP)

 Step 4: You must Register as a representative of your firm with SEBI.

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the protective, regulatory and development authority of Stock and Derivatives market in India. Every brokerage and Investment firm must register itself with SEBI to start their business in Indian stock market.

Step 5: You must complete an accredited Master’s of Business Administration Degree

Most Stockbrokers’ careers can receive a tremendous boost if they choose to pursue a degree or diploma course in Master of Business Administration (MBA) or obtain a degree in Chartered accountant (CA) or Chartered of Financial Analyst (CFA). A MBA degree in finance is greatly preferred by employers and can help the candidates to reach a higher position in stockbrokers. It entitles them to more advancement opportunities, better compensation, and large signing bonuses when hired.

Here are the 7 Best degrees for Stockbrokers that can help them in their career growth.

1.Business Administration and Finance

Business administration with a specialization in finance is the first choice for entering the stock market as a stockbroker. The undergraduate degree programs in this filed focus on courses like finance, corporate finance income securities, derivatives and the translation of accounting statements.

2.Investment Management

Stockbrokers with a degree in Investment management can work with portfolio managers to buy and sell securities for their clients. The undergraduate program of Investment management covers topics like investment analysis, risk analysis, portfolio management, investment strategies, economics, business math, and accounting.

3. Economics

A degree in economics can help you as stockbroker understand the volatile nature of the stock market as it depends on the health of the economy. The subject also helps you understand how companies gain or lose leverage within economic development. The Bachelors’ degree programs in economics focuses on economic development, economic policies, and banking and finance. The master level in economics can prepare the stockbrokers to focus on fields like national and international trade market operations to help prepare them for potentially lucrative careers in brokerage firms, investment firms and other trading institutions.

4. Statistics

Statistics covers topics like data analysis, probability and statistical computing and can help you develop the skills and knowledge that stock trading requires. A degree in statistics helps stockbrokers who perform stock analysis to develop trading strategies and navigate the risk in the market from a degree in statistics to demonstrate their expertise.

5. Computer Science

Many brokerages’ firms and other financial institutions that employ stockbrokers often hire candidates with a degree in computer science as it helps the stockbroker to apply skills to many aspects of stock trading. A degree in computer science can help the stockbrokers in computer systems security, managing databases, creating software applications and applying innovative technology to your career in stock trading.

6. Data analytics

Data analytics is very useful for stockbrokers in their career as it helps to guide their clients to invest in securities that offer the best possible returns. A bachelor’s degree in data analytics can cover a range of topics like economics,statistics,computer science, information technology, and information management. Stockbrokers who pursue a master’s degree in data analytics develop skills in areas like data collection, automation systems, data visualization and analytics algorithms.

7. Applied Mathematics

The bachelor program for applied mathematics can help you develop skills and expertise in areas like differential calculus, programing,mathematical and statistical software applications and logical reasoning. Stockbrokers  can further advance their skill set with a master’s degree in applied maths and learn in depth concepts in mathematical and statistical computing, modelling mathematical data and performing processes using technical applications.

How to be a Stockbroker in a Nutshell?

• You must register yourself with the stock exchange depending upon your dealing in the securities listed at different stock exchanges.
• After that, you must pass a written test & then undergo training that includes subjects such as capital markets, accountancy, portfolio analysis, etc. to become a member.
• You must deposit a certain amount with the stock exchange as security for membership. Membership will be given after analysis that you are able to operate as a broker.

• You must take a BSE certification in derivatives exchange & NSE’s certification in Financial Markets.

 

To become a member of SEBI, you will have to pass the written entrance test and then undergo a training program that includes subjects like accountancy, capital markets, securities and portfolio management and so on. Membership is only given after ensuring that the person will be able to operate as a broker.

Some of the entrance exams that are available in this field is:

• BSE Certification on Central Depository
• BSE Certification on Derivatives Exchange
• BSE Certification on Currency Futures
• BSE Certification on Securities Markets

 

Top Colleges in India where you study stockbroking:

• Institute of Financial and Investment Planning, Mumbai
• All India Center for Capital Market Studies, Nasik
• Institute of Company Secretaries of India, New Delhi
• Institute of Capital Market Development, New Delhi
• Mumbai Stock Exchange Training Institute, Mumbai

• Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI), Hyderabad

Why should you become a stockbroker?

Current Job Outlook

Today a stockbroker can progress up to senior-level and get a good amount of compensation. He must learn and apply sales techniques to build a large client base with numerous portfolios. He must build a trustworthy relationship with clients to be successful. Few factors that affect the job growth of working experience in the stock market firm, education, and geographic location.

Stockbroker jobs and salaries

Junior Stockbroker

A junior stockbroker possesses an experience as 1 to 4 years. He manages the stock accounts of individuals and provides them with assistance in investing in the shares of companies that ensure more profitability. A junior stockbroker can easily earn up to Rs300,000 per annum.

Senior Stockbroker

A stockbroker has working experience of 10 tom 20 years. He has a vast knowledge of the stock market and knows how certain circumstances can affect the value of the shares of various companies or organizations. A senior stockbroker can easily earn more than Rs 500,000 per annum.

 

In abroad you can get a starting salary ranging from 24,000 pounds to 35,000 pounds a year.

Where do Stockbrokers work?

Stockbrokers manage individual investment accounts as well as work for large corporate entities. Since every company and organization today needs some level of financial investment advice, there are a lot of entry level stockbroker jobs available.

Given below are a few of the industries that do stockbroker hiring.

• Securities, commodity, contract, and financial Investments.
• Credit Intermediation

• Non-depository credit Intermediation
• Company and Enterprise Management
• Agencies and Brokerages
• Insurance and Employee Benefits
• Pipeline Transportation off crude oil

• Computer system Design
• Farm Product Raw material wholesalers
• Professional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers

 

Since most of the companies are in urban areas, stockbrokers mostly work in metropolitan areas.

Job Profile of the Stockbrokers

Here are some of the professions where stockbrokers can work.

• Investment Bankers
• Investment Banking sales agents and traders
• Floor Brokers

• Financial Service Sales Agents
• Accounts Managers
• Assistant Branch Manager

 

• Investment Bankers

Investment Bankers are responsible for underwriting, or connecting businesses that supply money to investors. Some of the services that these professionals provide are initial public offerings, mergers and acquisitions. They are responsible for estimating the worth of a company and ensuring that the company meets all legal requirements to become publicly traded.

• Investment Banking Sales Agent and Traders

Investment banking sales agents are responsible for carrying out client’s buy and sell orders for stocks, bonds and commodities. They also trade on behalf of the company they work for.They work for commercial banks, hedge funds and private equity groups.

• Floor Brokers

The Floor Managers work on the floor of a security or commodity exchange. These professionals are responsible for price negotiation, making sales and forwarding the final price to the traders.

• Financial Services Sales Agents

Financial Services sales agents are consulted by both individuals and businesses on various banking,security,insurance and related services. They also inform the potential clients and explain the services offered, including managing loans, individual retirement accounts and credit cards.

• Accounts Manager

Account Managers maintain relationships with specific customers. They must have a clear understanding of the products and services offered and are able to make targeted pitches to new clients.

• Assistant Branch Manager

Assistant branch managers at banks hire, train, and supervise customer service representatives. Hey also monitors financial activities,performs audits, reviews reports and manages cash levels.

Here is the list of the top brokerage firms and online trading companies in India where you can work as a stockbroker.

• Angel Broking limited
• Reliance Capital Ltd
• HDFC
• JP Morgan
• ICICI Direct

• India Infoline
• Indiabulls
• Sharekhan Limited
• Kotak Securities Ltd.
• Karvy Consultancy

Conclusion

The current economic scenario where the stock market is bullish there is a tremendous scope for a stockbroker in India. With more and more financial companies entering the Indian market there are a lot of stockbroker jobs near you and you can progress up to senior level and earn attractive compensation. It is seen that the salary of an experienced stockbroker is double that of the entry level stockbroker.